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EU 일반정보보호규정(GDPR)의 알고리즘 자동화 의사결정에 대한 통제로써 설명을 요구할 권리에 대한 쟁점 분석과 전망
Analysis of Issues and Prospects with the Right to Explanations as a Control Measure for Algorithm-Based Automated Decision-Making in EU-GDPR 원문보기

민주법학 no.69 2019년, pp.277 - 298   http://dx.doi.org/10.15756/dls.2019..69.277

김재완 (한국방송통신대학교)

초록
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Modern information and communication technologies(ICTs) are bringing huge changes to the paradigms of human society by presenting and developing artificial intelligence(AI). The very core technologies in the development of AI are Big Data and algorithms. The algorithm system of Big Data uses an exquisite process, which requires the input of data. Big Data and algorithm technologies are most used by corporations and actively used in the fields with political purposes such as political parties. If the designer of an algorithm system bases data entry and manipulation only on his or her certain tendencies or world views, automated decision-making and its outcomes in the AI algorithm will display a bias, differentiation, and unfairness. In such a case, the algorithm is a product of ideology and necessarily has political attributes. There is no saying that outcomes by the automated decision-making process based on the algorithm are totally neutral. Even though such outcomes have no objectivity and fairness, their influences will encompass all the sectors of the society including politics, economy, and culture and change even the preferences, judgments and actions of users. Today, algorithms perform important functions and roles in political, social, economic, and cultural interactions and decision-making processes at the national and social level, continuing to increase their influences. They are even becoming an entity of huge political power themselves. There is thus a need for social discussions and legal measures to explore plans of effectively controlling discrimination, prejudice, exclusion, and unfairness that are negative outcomes of biased data and AI algorithms whose learning is based on biased data.EU-General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) were introduced and came into effect in May, 2018, creating a chance to expand normative issues and discussions about the transparency and accountability of algorithms. EU-GDPR stipulate that the subjects of information have rights to refuse their profiling and not to become subjected to automated decision-making processes. EU-GDPR also state that they have rights to access to the information collected regarding them and notices about their personal information collected. The interpretations of these regulations and objections to them can result in a right to explanations about automated decision-making processes based on an algorithm. This right to explanations holds huge significance in that it grants an opportunity for users to request explanations about profiling-based algorithm decisions and puts an emphasis on the importance of human interventions in the algorithm design process. This right to explanations also opens up the normative possibilities of enforcing an intervention into the algorithm design process, which is part of a corporation's confidential business information, by the information subject, thus playing an essential role in addressing the fairness, transparency, and differentiation issues of algorithms.

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