The amount of international conflicts is not decreasing in the Post-Cold War Era. State's are pursing their national interests due to the power vacuum caused by the loss of control by the U.S and Russia over other states. During the Cold War Era international conflicts were a form of proxy war betwe...
The amount of international conflicts is not decreasing in the Post-Cold War Era. State's are pursing their national interests due to the power vacuum caused by the loss of control by the U.S and Russia over other states. During the Cold War Era international conflicts were a form of proxy war between the two superpowers, but in the Post-Cold War Era international conflicts can be characterized as small-scale local wars, civil wars, and terrorism, etc. States are increasing their military capabilities and enacting relevant laws to prepare for these new forms of international conflicts. Therefore, the Republic of Korea needs to have a clear understanding and to prepare for these new forms of international conflicts. But, in reality we do not have a clear understanding of the situation, and efforts to develop strategies and military capablilities is lacking. According to the study that analyzed academic and military definitions, Low Intensity Conflicts are "Conflicts that has been planned in detail by states, groups or individuals with the objective of accomplishing their political goals, without escalating into a full-scale war, by armed provocation, terrorism and propaganda, and by political manipulation. In a broader sense, it encompasses activities including the PKO and security assistance to states." The cause for the Low Intensity Conflicts(LICs) is the unstable international environment where states inherent interests are colliding. These conflicts arise out of a combination of reasons. From the perspective of LIC Management, due to economic factors selective intervention policy by the U.S is not helping conflict resolution. Also the United Nations and Regional Regimes are not capable of conciliation and conflict resolution. Major forms of LICs include local provocation, terrorism, cvil wars, PKO and etc, but our major area of interest are local provocation and the PKO. Civil War is unlikely to occur in the Republic of Korea due to the composition of the Korean people and the establishment of democracy. To strengthen our security in the 21st century, we need to take interest in the strategies of deploying strategic forces(Strategies including Nuclear Weapons, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Long-Range Bombers) in the long term. But first of all, we must focus on developing LIC strategies. To try to formulate a Republic of Korea's LIC strategy, I studied the LIC strategies, enactments, ornanization, and military units of the U.S and Japan. According to my case-study the U.S and Japan react to LICs upon a basic concept. For a long time, the V.S has been preparing for LICs and their organization, SOFs and counter-terrorism forces, etc are well trained and organized. Additionally, Japan, in close coordination with the U.S,has a relatively well developed legal system, such as rules and procedures regarding PKO and rules and procedures dealing with regional contingencies. Threats, military thoughts, combat capabilities of friendly forces, social factors, etc are factors that needs to be considered when formulating a LIC strategy. To achieve national security and to form a policy to achieve this end, the objectives of the LIC strategy are ; 1) To prevent or deter LIC and if deterrence fails, to react to the situation in an offensive manner. 2) To strengthen international cooperation 3) Maintaining regional stability and world peace through conflict management The basic concept of LICs is "Preparing and Flexibility Strategy". Thus, the concept is about unifying and using all available means and gathering international supprt at the national level, to deal with LIC in a quick, offensive and flexible manner. I have focused on the legal, organizational and military structure, preparation and the mission operation aspects of the countermeasures of LIC. First, regarding the legal aspect, international law regarding local contingencies and laws on the activities of the PKO should be formulated, and Unified Defense guidelines and Counter Terrorism guidelines should be enacted into law. Regarding organizational and military structure, measures to form a branch dealing with LIC or to have a person in charge with LIC affairs, within the National Security Council and the Emergency Planning Board are necessary. A Unified Special Operation Forces should be established to solely deal with and to prepare for LICs. Within the preparation aspect, improvements in training and education, transportation system, weapons system and the rearing of LIC specialists is required. Regarding misesion operations, It is necessary to integrate all available means to react to LICs. It is also necessary for states to establish a conflict resolution system for international crisis management. And, due to the special characteristics of LICs, which has a lot of non-military factors, ex post facto measures should be emphasized. We should also participate in PKO activities to enhance our status and influence in the U.N. The new security environment has changed the environment where a full-scale war strategy was required to an environment where LIC strategy is required. Therefore, a clear understanding of the concept of LIC and strategies for LIC situations is required. This study focused on the concept, strategic goals, strategy concepts and countermeasures, but it is not specific and does not go into details. I am afraid I did not formulate a systemic LIC strategy. More research and discussions on this subject is needed on my opinion. If we put our efforts on formulating concepts and strategies on LICs, it will contribute in securing our security, as well as, regional security and world peace.
The amount of international conflicts is not decreasing in the Post-Cold War Era. State's are pursing their national interests due to the power vacuum caused by the loss of control by the U.S and Russia over other states. During the Cold War Era international conflicts were a form of proxy war between the two superpowers, but in the Post-Cold War Era international conflicts can be characterized as small-scale local wars, civil wars, and terrorism, etc. States are increasing their military capabilities and enacting relevant laws to prepare for these new forms of international conflicts. Therefore, the Republic of Korea needs to have a clear understanding and to prepare for these new forms of international conflicts. But, in reality we do not have a clear understanding of the situation, and efforts to develop strategies and military capablilities is lacking. According to the study that analyzed academic and military definitions, Low Intensity Conflicts are "Conflicts that has been planned in detail by states, groups or individuals with the objective of accomplishing their political goals, without escalating into a full-scale war, by armed provocation, terrorism and propaganda, and by political manipulation. In a broader sense, it encompasses activities including the PKO and security assistance to states." The cause for the Low Intensity Conflicts(LICs) is the unstable international environment where states inherent interests are colliding. These conflicts arise out of a combination of reasons. From the perspective of LIC Management, due to economic factors selective intervention policy by the U.S is not helping conflict resolution. Also the United Nations and Regional Regimes are not capable of conciliation and conflict resolution. Major forms of LICs include local provocation, terrorism, cvil wars, PKO and etc, but our major area of interest are local provocation and the PKO. Civil War is unlikely to occur in the Republic of Korea due to the composition of the Korean people and the establishment of democracy. To strengthen our security in the 21st century, we need to take interest in the strategies of deploying strategic forces(Strategies including Nuclear Weapons, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Long-Range Bombers) in the long term. But first of all, we must focus on developing LIC strategies. To try to formulate a Republic of Korea's LIC strategy, I studied the LIC strategies, enactments, ornanization, and military units of the U.S and Japan. According to my case-study the U.S and Japan react to LICs upon a basic concept. For a long time, the V.S has been preparing for LICs and their organization, SOFs and counter-terrorism forces, etc are well trained and organized. Additionally, Japan, in close coordination with the U.S,has a relatively well developed legal system, such as rules and procedures regarding PKO and rules and procedures dealing with regional contingencies. Threats, military thoughts, combat capabilities of friendly forces, social factors, etc are factors that needs to be considered when formulating a LIC strategy. To achieve national security and to form a policy to achieve this end, the objectives of the LIC strategy are ; 1) To prevent or deter LIC and if deterrence fails, to react to the situation in an offensive manner. 2) To strengthen international cooperation 3) Maintaining regional stability and world peace through conflict management The basic concept of LICs is "Preparing and Flexibility Strategy". Thus, the concept is about unifying and using all available means and gathering international supprt at the national level, to deal with LIC in a quick, offensive and flexible manner. I have focused on the legal, organizational and military structure, preparation and the mission operation aspects of the countermeasures of LIC. First, regarding the legal aspect, international law regarding local contingencies and laws on the activities of the PKO should be formulated, and Unified Defense guidelines and Counter Terrorism guidelines should be enacted into law. Regarding organizational and military structure, measures to form a branch dealing with LIC or to have a person in charge with LIC affairs, within the National Security Council and the Emergency Planning Board are necessary. A Unified Special Operation Forces should be established to solely deal with and to prepare for LICs. Within the preparation aspect, improvements in training and education, transportation system, weapons system and the rearing of LIC specialists is required. Regarding misesion operations, It is necessary to integrate all available means to react to LICs. It is also necessary for states to establish a conflict resolution system for international crisis management. And, due to the special characteristics of LICs, which has a lot of non-military factors, ex post facto measures should be emphasized. We should also participate in PKO activities to enhance our status and influence in the U.N. The new security environment has changed the environment where a full-scale war strategy was required to an environment where LIC strategy is required. Therefore, a clear understanding of the concept of LIC and strategies for LIC situations is required. This study focused on the concept, strategic goals, strategy concepts and countermeasures, but it is not specific and does not go into details. I am afraid I did not formulate a systemic LIC strategy. More research and discussions on this subject is needed on my opinion. If we put our efforts on formulating concepts and strategies on LICs, it will contribute in securing our security, as well as, regional security and world peace.
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