Abstract
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Despite many remarkable contributions, Western psychological theories have focused mainly on solving the questions of one's inadaptability for the sake of counseling, while missing the aspects of building up personality as another purpose of counseling. On the contrary, Eastern Philosophy was based ...
Despite many remarkable contributions, Western psychological theories have focused mainly on solving the questions of one's inadaptability for the sake of counseling, while missing the aspects of building up personality as another purpose of counseling. On the contrary, Eastern Philosophy was based on building up one’s personality and put stress on cultivating mind. In particular, it is well known that Chuang Tzu emphasized self-cultivation and highlighted the mind as a main question in the course of such cultivation. Chuang Tzu classified our mind into two categories: Eternal mind(常心) and Predetermined mind(成心). According to his viewpoint, Predetermined mind brings more anguish to man. So he suggested various theories of mind cultivation to transcend such Predetermined mind. This study intended to seek how Chuang Tzu's Philosophy with stress on mind cultivation may give suggestive implications to contemporary counseling. To achieve the goals of this study, it first looked into which basic viewpoints Chuang Tzu took for human being and clarified his points of argument about resulting psychological questions, so that it may suggest his theories of mind cultivation to overcome or change those questions into positive direction. As a result, transcending Predetermined mind aims at ‘personal self-awareness’, and the self-awareness has more or less relationship with personal quality and attitude of counselors. From these viewpoints, the transcendence of Predetermined mind may give counselors the following suggestions: First, the volunteer, independent and natural human views of Chuang Tzu may have encouraged general counselors to have their positive human views. Secondly, it may have positive effects on the personal quality of counselors, such as deep thinking and care for human essence, embrace of our own and other's thinking or emotion, and self- reflection. Thirdly, it suggests the following principles for the reasonable attitude of counselor: 1) Respect individuality, 2) Don't distinguish between right and wrong, 3) Leave yourself empty, and 4) Admit your own limitations. As described above, transcending the Predetermined mind as shown in Chuang Tzu's Philosophy refers to a course to overcome human questions so that one may realize himself and become a mature personality. It is attainable only with ceaseless steps of self-cultivation. Counselors have to get a little more mature personal quality through steady mind cultivation for the sake of their own growth. In this point, transcending Predetermined mind may help to understand and reflect on their own questions, and may be a good guide for them to cultivate their own ‘Tao’(道).
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