Rumen simulated continuous culture system에서 단백질과 탄수화물 공급원에 따른 반추위 미생물 단백질 합성에 관한 연구 Effects of protein and carbohydrate sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis studied using rumen simulated continuous culture system원문보기
연속배양장치를 이용하여 반추위내에서 단백질, 탄수화물 그리고 곡류사료 공급원의 반추위내 발효, 미생물 단백질 합성 및 영양소 분해를 측정한 실힘 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 실험은 단백질원으로 urea, casein 및 soy protein의 반추위내 in vitro 발효성상을 측정하였다. 조농의 비을을 60:40으로 하였으며, 미생물 단백질 합성량은 미생물체에 gka purine을 분석하여 계산하였다. 배양에 따른 pH의 변화에서는 urea 처리구가 가장 높게 나타났으며, casein 처리구가 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 이는 ammonia-N 농도와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 프로토조아 수는 urea 처리구에 비해 casein 및 soy protein 처리구에시 다소 높은 수를 보였으며, 배양일이 경과함에 따라 그 수가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. Total VFA 농도에서는 각 처리구간 유의차를 나타내지 않았으나 soy protein 처리구에시 iso-butyric acid 생산량이 높은 결과를 나타내었다. ...
연속배양장치를 이용하여 반추위내에서 단백질, 탄수화물 그리고 곡류사료 공급원의 반추위내 발효, 미생물 단백질 합성 및 영양소 분해를 측정한 실힘 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 실험은 단백질원으로 urea, casein 및 soy protein의 반추위내 in vitro 발효성상을 측정하였다. 조농의 비을을 60:40으로 하였으며, 미생물 단백질 합성량은 미생물체에 gka purine을 분석하여 계산하였다. 배양에 따른 pH의 변화에서는 urea 처리구가 가장 높게 나타났으며, casein 처리구가 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 이는 ammonia-N 농도와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 프로토조아 수는 urea 처리구에 비해 casein 및 soy protein 처리구에시 다소 높은 수를 보였으며, 배양일이 경과함에 따라 그 수가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. Total VFA 농도에서는 각 처리구간 유의차를 나타내지 않았으나 soy protein 처리구에시 iso-butyric acid 생산량이 높은 결과를 나타내었다. DM 및 N flow 결과는 각 처리구간 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 OM flow의 경우 casein 처리구가 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 미생물 단백질 합성량은 casein 처리구에서 58.53 g MN/kg OM으로 가량 높은 효율을 보였으며, urea 처리구가 30.03 g MN/g OM으로 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 둘째 실험은 silage와 탄수화물원인 glucose와 starch를 각각 10% 첨가하였을 때 반추위내 미생물 발효에 의한 영양소 분해 및 ^(15)N을 사용하여 미생물 단백질 합성량을 측정하였다. 반추위내 pH는 control에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었으며, 프로토조아의 수에서는 control이 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮은 수를 나타내었다. OM, NDF 및 ADF 소화율은 각 처리구에 따라 탄수화물 공급에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으며, 총 질소 및 미생물체 질소 ammonia-N의 flow 양은 control, glucose 및 starch 처리구에서 각각 0.91, 0.99 및 0.91 (P<0.03) 그리고 0.42, 0.47 및 0.40 (P<0.002) 그리고 0.24, 0.28 및 0.23 (P<0.009)으로 미생물 단백질 합성량의 경우 glucose 처리구에서 50.33 g MN/g OM으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 purified substrate를 탄수화물 공급원으로 사용할 경우 control의 29% 이상 높은 결과를 나타내었다. Amino acid flow 결과는 각 처리구간 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 셋째 실험은 실험 2와 동일한 방법으로 사료원으로는 silage급여 체계에 10%의 곡류사료원으로 barley, maize, oats 및 wheat 첨가시 pH, 프로토조아의 수 및 total VFA (mMol)는 각각 6.42, 6.19, 6.13, 6.13 및 6.31 (P<0.02) 그리고 1.53, 6.91, 5.83, 2.57 및 5.56 (s.e. 0.380, p<0.001) 그리고 65.11, 72.62, 64.22, 69.33 및 65.71 이었으며, 프로토조아 수는 탄수화물을 첨가 함으로써 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. OM, NDF 및 ADF flow) 각 처리구간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. TN, MN 및 ammonia N flows (g.day)는 control, barley, maize, oats 및 wheal 처리구에서 각각 0.91, 0.94, 0.89, 및 0.84 그리고 0.41, 0.49, 0.46, 0.43 및 0.41 (P<0.02) 그리고 0.24, 0.26, 0.26, 0.24 및 0.25 으로 maize처리구에서 미생물 단백질 합성량이 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 반추위내 미생물 단백질 합성 효율을 ^(15)N을 미생물 지시제로 사용했을 경우 contro1, barley, maize, oats 및 wheat에서 40.56, 45.74, 44.73, 42.81 및 41.29 으로 곡류 탄수화물을 첨가 함으로서 함성호율 증가가 나타났다. Amlno acid flow는 각 처리구간 차이를 나타내지 않았다.
연속배양장치를 이용하여 반추위내에서 단백질, 탄수화물 그리고 곡류사료 공급원의 반추위내 발효, 미생물 단백질 합성 및 영양소 분해를 측정한 실힘 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 실험은 단백질원으로 urea, casein 및 soy protein의 반추위내 in vitro 발효성상을 측정하였다. 조농의 비을을 60:40으로 하였으며, 미생물 단백질 합성량은 미생물체에 gka purine을 분석하여 계산하였다. 배양에 따른 pH의 변화에서는 urea 처리구가 가장 높게 나타났으며, casein 처리구가 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 이는 ammonia-N 농도와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 프로토조아 수는 urea 처리구에 비해 casein 및 soy protein 처리구에시 다소 높은 수를 보였으며, 배양일이 경과함에 따라 그 수가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. Total VFA 농도에서는 각 처리구간 유의차를 나타내지 않았으나 soy protein 처리구에시 iso-butyric acid 생산량이 높은 결과를 나타내었다. DM 및 N flow 결과는 각 처리구간 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 OM flow의 경우 casein 처리구가 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 미생물 단백질 합성량은 casein 처리구에서 58.53 g MN/kg OM으로 가량 높은 효율을 보였으며, urea 처리구가 30.03 g MN/g OM으로 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 둘째 실험은 silage와 탄수화물원인 glucose와 starch를 각각 10% 첨가하였을 때 반추위내 미생물 발효에 의한 영양소 분해 및 ^(15)N을 사용하여 미생물 단백질 합성량을 측정하였다. 반추위내 pH는 control에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었으며, 프로토조아의 수에서는 control이 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮은 수를 나타내었다. OM, NDF 및 ADF 소화율은 각 처리구에 따라 탄수화물 공급에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으며, 총 질소 및 미생물체 질소 ammonia-N의 flow 양은 control, glucose 및 starch 처리구에서 각각 0.91, 0.99 및 0.91 (P<0.03) 그리고 0.42, 0.47 및 0.40 (P<0.002) 그리고 0.24, 0.28 및 0.23 (P<0.009)으로 미생물 단백질 합성량의 경우 glucose 처리구에서 50.33 g MN/g OM으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 purified substrate를 탄수화물 공급원으로 사용할 경우 control의 29% 이상 높은 결과를 나타내었다. Amino acid flow 결과는 각 처리구간 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 셋째 실험은 실험 2와 동일한 방법으로 사료원으로는 silage급여 체계에 10%의 곡류사료원으로 barley, maize, oats 및 wheat 첨가시 pH, 프로토조아의 수 및 total VFA (mMol)는 각각 6.42, 6.19, 6.13, 6.13 및 6.31 (P<0.02) 그리고 1.53, 6.91, 5.83, 2.57 및 5.56 (s.e. 0.380, p<0.001) 그리고 65.11, 72.62, 64.22, 69.33 및 65.71 이었으며, 프로토조아 수는 탄수화물을 첨가 함으로써 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. OM, NDF 및 ADF flow) 각 처리구간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. TN, MN 및 ammonia N flows (g.day)는 control, barley, maize, oats 및 wheal 처리구에서 각각 0.91, 0.94, 0.89, 및 0.84 그리고 0.41, 0.49, 0.46, 0.43 및 0.41 (P<0.02) 그리고 0.24, 0.26, 0.26, 0.24 및 0.25 으로 maize처리구에서 미생물 단백질 합성량이 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 반추위내 미생물 단백질 합성 효율을 ^(15)N을 미생물 지시제로 사용했을 경우 contro1, barley, maize, oats 및 wheat에서 40.56, 45.74, 44.73, 42.81 및 41.29 으로 곡류 탄수화물을 첨가 함으로서 함성호율 증가가 나타났다. Amlno acid flow는 각 처리구간 차이를 나타내지 않았다.
A rumen simulated continuous culture (RSCC) system was used to study the influence of supplementation of grass silage with various carbohydrate and nitrogen sources on rumen microbial activity. Three experiments were involved in these experiments. The first was to investigate the effect of protein s...
A rumen simulated continuous culture (RSCC) system was used to study the influence of supplementation of grass silage with various carbohydrate and nitrogen sources on rumen microbial activity. Three experiments were involved in these experiments. The first was to investigate the effect of protein sources such as urea, casein and soy protein on microbial protein synthesis in a continuous culture system. Tho second trial used purified diets (glucose, starch) as a carbohydrate sources to make a snychronisation between silage nitrogen and carbohydrate in grass silage basal diet and was conducted to estimate the ammonia capturing capacity to microbial protein by supplementing carbohydrates in a continuous culture system. The third trial was aimed at comparing the effect of cereal carbohydrate sources (barely, maize, oats and wheat) on microbial protein synthesis in grass silage basal diets. The level of cereal carbohydrate supplementaions was 10% of dry matter (DM) grass silage. Analytical parameters were nutrient digestibility fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis. The results of these experiments wert: summarized as follows; In the first experiment, urea treatment was higher in pH compared with soy protein and casein treatment, and rapidly increased in ammonia concentration after feeding. Protozoa numbers were higher for soy protein treatment compared to urea and casein treatments during incubation. The average concentration of total VFA was not detected with significant difference among treatments but iso butyric acid production showed the highest for soy protein treatment among treatments. The lowest concentration in total iso acids (iso butyric acid plus iso-valeric acid) production was observed in urea treatment. The amount of DM outflowed were not significantly different among treatments. Organic matter (OM) flow was tile highest for urea treatments and lowest for casein treatment. Nitrogen flow for casein treatment was not significantly different from other treatments. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in terms of microbial nitrogen (MN) synthesis per kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen was highest for casein treatment compared to soy protein and urea. This result was considered that lumen ammonia releasing rate may influence on microbial protein synthesis in the lumen. In the second experiment, The diets were delivered continuously into vessels by an automatic feeder at a rate of 30g DM per day. Artificial saliva, containing [^15NH_(4)]_(2)SO_(4) to assess microbial protein synthesis, was infused at a rate of 70 ml/h. Protozoa numbers, pH, ammonia, ^(15)N in mixed effluent (ME) and ^(15)N and total nitrogen (TN) in ME bacteria were measured on day 10, 11 and 12 of each period. For control. glucose and soluble starch, pH, protozoa numbers (10^(3)/ml) and total VFA (mMol) were 6.42 6.30 and 6.38, and 1.53, 3.75 and 2.33 and 65.11, 59.92 and 60.84. Treatments did not affect OM, NDF or ADF flow from the vessels. TN, MN, and ammonia-N flows (g/day) were 0.91, 0.99 and 0.91 (P<0.03) and 0.42, 0.47 and 0.40 (P<0.002) and 0.24, 0.28 and 0.23 (P<0.009). The efficiency of MN synthesis (EMPS, g MN/kg OM apparently digested in the rumen) was 40.56, 50.33 and 48.05 (P<0.02). Amino acid flow was not significant difference among treatments. Purified diets supplemention to grass silage with low levels of carbohydrates had no effect on the amount of microbial synthesis but enhanced the efficiency of microbial -N synthesis. In the third experiment, lasting 12 day, involving 4 RSCC systems, were conducted. Equilibrium was achieved in the vessels 10 day after commencing incubation. For control, barley, maize, oats, wheat and pH, protozoa numbers (10^(3)/ml) and total VFA (mMol) were 6.42, 6.19, 6.13, 6.13 and 6.31 (P<0.02), 1.53, 6.91, 5.83, 2.57 and 5.56 (s.e. 0.380, P<0.001) and 65.11, 72.62, 64.22, 69.33 and 65.71. Treatments did not affect OM, NDF or ADF flow from the vessels. TN, MN, and ammonia N flows (g/day) were 0.91, 0.94, 0.89, 0.89 and 0.84, 0.42, 0.49, 0.46, 0.43 and 0.41 (P<0.02) and 0.24, 0.26, 0.26, 0.24 and 0.25. The efficiency of MN synthesis (EMPS, g MN/kg OM apparently digested in the rumen) was 40.56, 45.74, 44.73, 42.81 and 41.29. Amino acid flow was not significant difference among treatments. Cereal and carbohydrate supplementation to grass silage basal diets with 10% was low to show the influences on the lumen fermentation and enhanced the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the lumen levels.
A rumen simulated continuous culture (RSCC) system was used to study the influence of supplementation of grass silage with various carbohydrate and nitrogen sources on rumen microbial activity. Three experiments were involved in these experiments. The first was to investigate the effect of protein sources such as urea, casein and soy protein on microbial protein synthesis in a continuous culture system. Tho second trial used purified diets (glucose, starch) as a carbohydrate sources to make a snychronisation between silage nitrogen and carbohydrate in grass silage basal diet and was conducted to estimate the ammonia capturing capacity to microbial protein by supplementing carbohydrates in a continuous culture system. The third trial was aimed at comparing the effect of cereal carbohydrate sources (barely, maize, oats and wheat) on microbial protein synthesis in grass silage basal diets. The level of cereal carbohydrate supplementaions was 10% of dry matter (DM) grass silage. Analytical parameters were nutrient digestibility fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis. The results of these experiments wert: summarized as follows; In the first experiment, urea treatment was higher in pH compared with soy protein and casein treatment, and rapidly increased in ammonia concentration after feeding. Protozoa numbers were higher for soy protein treatment compared to urea and casein treatments during incubation. The average concentration of total VFA was not detected with significant difference among treatments but iso butyric acid production showed the highest for soy protein treatment among treatments. The lowest concentration in total iso acids (iso butyric acid plus iso-valeric acid) production was observed in urea treatment. The amount of DM outflowed were not significantly different among treatments. Organic matter (OM) flow was tile highest for urea treatments and lowest for casein treatment. Nitrogen flow for casein treatment was not significantly different from other treatments. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in terms of microbial nitrogen (MN) synthesis per kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen was highest for casein treatment compared to soy protein and urea. This result was considered that lumen ammonia releasing rate may influence on microbial protein synthesis in the lumen. In the second experiment, The diets were delivered continuously into vessels by an automatic feeder at a rate of 30g DM per day. Artificial saliva, containing [^15NH_(4)]_(2)SO_(4) to assess microbial protein synthesis, was infused at a rate of 70 ml/h. Protozoa numbers, pH, ammonia, ^(15)N in mixed effluent (ME) and ^(15)N and total nitrogen (TN) in ME bacteria were measured on day 10, 11 and 12 of each period. For control. glucose and soluble starch, pH, protozoa numbers (10^(3)/ml) and total VFA (mMol) were 6.42 6.30 and 6.38, and 1.53, 3.75 and 2.33 and 65.11, 59.92 and 60.84. Treatments did not affect OM, NDF or ADF flow from the vessels. TN, MN, and ammonia-N flows (g/day) were 0.91, 0.99 and 0.91 (P<0.03) and 0.42, 0.47 and 0.40 (P<0.002) and 0.24, 0.28 and 0.23 (P<0.009). The efficiency of MN synthesis (EMPS, g MN/kg OM apparently digested in the rumen) was 40.56, 50.33 and 48.05 (P<0.02). Amino acid flow was not significant difference among treatments. Purified diets supplemention to grass silage with low levels of carbohydrates had no effect on the amount of microbial synthesis but enhanced the efficiency of microbial -N synthesis. In the third experiment, lasting 12 day, involving 4 RSCC systems, were conducted. Equilibrium was achieved in the vessels 10 day after commencing incubation. For control, barley, maize, oats, wheat and pH, protozoa numbers (10^(3)/ml) and total VFA (mMol) were 6.42, 6.19, 6.13, 6.13 and 6.31 (P<0.02), 1.53, 6.91, 5.83, 2.57 and 5.56 (s.e. 0.380, P<0.001) and 65.11, 72.62, 64.22, 69.33 and 65.71. Treatments did not affect OM, NDF or ADF flow from the vessels. TN, MN, and ammonia N flows (g/day) were 0.91, 0.94, 0.89, 0.89 and 0.84, 0.42, 0.49, 0.46, 0.43 and 0.41 (P<0.02) and 0.24, 0.26, 0.26, 0.24 and 0.25. The efficiency of MN synthesis (EMPS, g MN/kg OM apparently digested in the rumen) was 40.56, 45.74, 44.73, 42.81 and 41.29. Amino acid flow was not significant difference among treatments. Cereal and carbohydrate supplementation to grass silage basal diets with 10% was low to show the influences on the lumen fermentation and enhanced the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the lumen levels.
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