Monacrosporium thaumasium를 이용하여 수박에서의 고구마뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyneincognita) 방제를 위한 미생물제제 개발 Development of biological control agents to root knot nematode in watermelon caused by Meloidogyneincognita using Monacrosporium thaumasium원문보기
뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne spp)은 식물기생성선충으로 작물의 뿌리 생장점 부근으로 침입하여 식물의 뿌리내에서 양분을 흡수하면서 성장하는데, 이과정에서 선충이 분비하는 호르몬의 작용으로 작물의 뿌리가 혹모양으로 변하게 된다. 우리나라에는 M, arenaria, M. hapla, M, incognita, M. javanica 등 4종의 뿌리혹선충이 작물에 피해를 주고 있다. 이에 먼저 고구마뿌리혹선충을 2002년 8월에 경상북도 성주군 수박포장에서 분리하여 감염성을 검정하고 고구마 뿌리혹선충의 생물학적 방제를 위해 32종류의 선충포식성곰팡이를 분리하여 포식능력을 검정한 결과 대부분의 균주가 실내에서는 높은 방제가를 나타내었고, 포장검정에서는 실내와 많은 차이가 있었다. 그중 실내와 포장에서 우수한 방제가를 나타내는 곰팡이를 선발하여 형태 및 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과 Monacrosporium thaumasium KBC3017로 동정되었다. KBC3017 균주의 미생물 제제를 제조하기 위해 배양조건을 구명하였는데, 증식최적 온도는 25 ∼ 30℃, pH범위는 7.0이었고, 최적탄소원은 ...
뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne spp)은 식물기생성선충으로 작물의 뿌리 생장점 부근으로 침입하여 식물의 뿌리내에서 양분을 흡수하면서 성장하는데, 이과정에서 선충이 분비하는 호르몬의 작용으로 작물의 뿌리가 혹모양으로 변하게 된다. 우리나라에는 M, arenaria, M. hapla, M, incognita, M. javanica 등 4종의 뿌리혹선충이 작물에 피해를 주고 있다. 이에 먼저 고구마뿌리혹선충을 2002년 8월에 경상북도 성주군 수박포장에서 분리하여 감염성을 검정하고 고구마 뿌리혹선충의 생물학적 방제를 위해 32종류의 선충포식성곰팡이를 분리하여 포식능력을 검정한 결과 대부분의 균주가 실내에서는 높은 방제가를 나타내었고, 포장검정에서는 실내와 많은 차이가 있었다. 그중 실내와 포장에서 우수한 방제가를 나타내는 곰팡이를 선발하여 형태 및 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과 Monacrosporium thaumasium KBC3017로 동정되었다. KBC3017 균주의 미생물 제제를 제조하기 위해 배양조건을 구명하였는데, 증식최적 온도는 25 ∼ 30℃, pH범위는 7.0이었고, 최적탄소원은 Sucrose 1.0%, 유기질소원은 Yeast extract 0.1% 및 콩가루, 무기질소원 NaNO_(3) 0.03%에 Yeast extract를 혼합한 것이 효과적이었다. KBC3017균주의 미생물제제의 제조를 위해 무기증량제로 vermiculite, kaolin, 규조토 그리고 유기증량제로 생옥분이 효과적이었다. 선발된 증량제를 이용하여 KBC3017균주의 대량배지 조성은 sucrose l0g, yeast extract, 1.0g, NaNO_(3), 0.3g, MgSO_(4) 0.1g, Trace 4 0.05g/ℓ이었고, 5L 생물공정 최적 발효생산조건은 25 ∼ 30℃, pH 7.0, 교반속도 200 ∼ 400rpm, 공기주입량 0.2 ∼ 1.0L/vvm 및 배양시간은 24 ∼ 48시간이었다. 흡착법과 습식조립법으로 조제한 결과 질석 또는 규조토에 생옥분을 혼합하여 흡착법으로 조제한 KBC1(입제)가 균생장에 양호하였고 제제의 이화학성을 분석한 결과 pH는 5.9-6.4범위 이내이었으며, 입자크기는 1mm 크기가 97% 이상이었다. 미생물제제의 폿트내 검정에서의 방제효과가 우수하여 선발된 미생물제제시제품 KBC1입제를 농가하우스 포장 검정을 통해 최적농도와 방제효과를 구명하였는데, 처리량별 선충 밀도억제 효과는 처리량이 많을수록 효과가 높았으나 적정 처리량은 2%였고, 또한 KBC1입제는 2% 토양처리 시 81%의 선층밀도억제 효과가 있었고, 백리와 줄기의 생육도 무처리에 비해 양호하였다.
뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne spp)은 식물기생성선충으로 작물의 뿌리 생장점 부근으로 침입하여 식물의 뿌리내에서 양분을 흡수하면서 성장하는데, 이과정에서 선충이 분비하는 호르몬의 작용으로 작물의 뿌리가 혹모양으로 변하게 된다. 우리나라에는 M, arenaria, M. hapla, M, incognita, M. javanica 등 4종의 뿌리혹선충이 작물에 피해를 주고 있다. 이에 먼저 고구마뿌리혹선충을 2002년 8월에 경상북도 성주군 수박포장에서 분리하여 감염성을 검정하고 고구마 뿌리혹선충의 생물학적 방제를 위해 32종류의 선충포식성곰팡이를 분리하여 포식능력을 검정한 결과 대부분의 균주가 실내에서는 높은 방제가를 나타내었고, 포장검정에서는 실내와 많은 차이가 있었다. 그중 실내와 포장에서 우수한 방제가를 나타내는 곰팡이를 선발하여 형태 및 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과 Monacrosporium thaumasium KBC3017로 동정되었다. KBC3017 균주의 미생물 제제를 제조하기 위해 배양조건을 구명하였는데, 증식최적 온도는 25 ∼ 30℃, pH범위는 7.0이었고, 최적탄소원은 Sucrose 1.0%, 유기질소원은 Yeast extract 0.1% 및 콩가루, 무기질소원 NaNO_(3) 0.03%에 Yeast extract를 혼합한 것이 효과적이었다. KBC3017균주의 미생물제제의 제조를 위해 무기증량제로 vermiculite, kaolin, 규조토 그리고 유기증량제로 생옥분이 효과적이었다. 선발된 증량제를 이용하여 KBC3017균주의 대량배지 조성은 sucrose l0g, yeast extract, 1.0g, NaNO_(3), 0.3g, MgSO_(4) 0.1g, Trace 4 0.05g/ℓ이었고, 5L 생물공정 최적 발효생산조건은 25 ∼ 30℃, pH 7.0, 교반속도 200 ∼ 400rpm, 공기주입량 0.2 ∼ 1.0L/vvm 및 배양시간은 24 ∼ 48시간이었다. 흡착법과 습식조립법으로 조제한 결과 질석 또는 규조토에 생옥분을 혼합하여 흡착법으로 조제한 KBC1(입제)가 균생장에 양호하였고 제제의 이화학성을 분석한 결과 pH는 5.9-6.4범위 이내이었으며, 입자크기는 1mm 크기가 97% 이상이었다. 미생물제제의 폿트내 검정에서의 방제효과가 우수하여 선발된 미생물제제시제품 KBC1입제를 농가하우스 포장 검정을 통해 최적농도와 방제효과를 구명하였는데, 처리량별 선충 밀도억제 효과는 처리량이 많을수록 효과가 높았으나 적정 처리량은 2%였고, 또한 KBC1입제는 2% 토양처리 시 81%의 선층밀도억제 효과가 있었고, 백리와 줄기의 생육도 무처리에 비해 양호하였다.
Root-Knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.) is a plant parasitic nematode which invades into areas near the growing point of a crop's root and grows absorbing the nutriments of inside the plant's root, and during this process, because of the hormones that this nematode secretes, the shape of the crop's roo...
Root-Knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.) is a plant parasitic nematode which invades into areas near the growing point of a crop's root and grows absorbing the nutriments of inside the plant's root, and during this process, because of the hormones that this nematode secretes, the shape of the crop's root turns into lump shape. In Korea, 4 types of Melidogyne spps(Knot-root nematodes); M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica are harming the crops. To this matter, M. incognita (sweet potato root nematode) was extracted from Sung-Ju Gun Kyungsangbuk-Do, on August, year 2002, and has examined its contagion, and for biological prevention of the breeding and extermination of the M incognita, 32 types of nematode predatory fungus were extracted for testing, and as for the results on the predation abilities of these molds, most funguses showed high extermination qualities in the internal lab the tests, but showed big differences in the outdoor field tests. Based on these results, molds that had the highest extermination qualities were chosen, and after inspecting their capabilities, Monacrosporium thaumasium was finally selected. To manufacture biological pesticide with the KBC3017 fungi, its cultivation system was studied; in the environmental factors, the temperature range was 25 ∼ 30℃, and the pH range was 7.0, and the results after researching its nutritional sources, its source for carbon was Sucrose, source for organic nitrogen was Yeast extract, source for inorganic nitrogen was NaNO_(3) was selected, and furthermore, effects of other inorganic bases and micro-elements were researched, and also after tracing the bacteria production amount, vital energy and the change of sugar remnants, appropriate collection time was 36∼48 hours after the cultivation started. When manufacturing microbial pesticide with the KBC3017 fungi, vermiculite, kaolin, diatomite was appropriate for inorganic increaser, and raw jade powder was appropriate for organic increaser, and after applying these increasers in cultivating the mold with absorbtion method and moisture construction method, product made by absorbtion method using nitrogen or diatomite mixed with raw jade powder had the best mold growth. After analysing the physicochemical disposition, the appropriate pH was ranging withing 5.9-6.4, and 97% of the particle size was 1mm. The created microbial pesticide was used to examine its effects, using the inside-pot test method, and the selected microbial pesticide KBC1 particle pesticide was used in the farm-house outdoor test to find the optimum consistency and its effects. The more amount used, the better effect it showed, but the optimum consistency was 2M, and the KBC1 particle pesticide, which used the diatomite and raw jade powder as its increaser, when used ado level of the total amount of soil, it showed 71% effect in nematode resisting, and the root and the stem of the plants were better compared to those without any pesticide used. Therefore, farmers should use a mixed or simultaneous combination of the microbial pesticides and chemical pesticides rather than using chemical pesticides alone in order to optimize the resisting effects, and this result was very important economically, and environmentally. By this, the research on manufacturing microbial pesticide for resisting the Meloidogyne spp. is intended to provide basic data for commercializing purposes.
Root-Knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.) is a plant parasitic nematode which invades into areas near the growing point of a crop's root and grows absorbing the nutriments of inside the plant's root, and during this process, because of the hormones that this nematode secretes, the shape of the crop's root turns into lump shape. In Korea, 4 types of Melidogyne spps(Knot-root nematodes); M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica are harming the crops. To this matter, M. incognita (sweet potato root nematode) was extracted from Sung-Ju Gun Kyungsangbuk-Do, on August, year 2002, and has examined its contagion, and for biological prevention of the breeding and extermination of the M incognita, 32 types of nematode predatory fungus were extracted for testing, and as for the results on the predation abilities of these molds, most funguses showed high extermination qualities in the internal lab the tests, but showed big differences in the outdoor field tests. Based on these results, molds that had the highest extermination qualities were chosen, and after inspecting their capabilities, Monacrosporium thaumasium was finally selected. To manufacture biological pesticide with the KBC3017 fungi, its cultivation system was studied; in the environmental factors, the temperature range was 25 ∼ 30℃, and the pH range was 7.0, and the results after researching its nutritional sources, its source for carbon was Sucrose, source for organic nitrogen was Yeast extract, source for inorganic nitrogen was NaNO_(3) was selected, and furthermore, effects of other inorganic bases and micro-elements were researched, and also after tracing the bacteria production amount, vital energy and the change of sugar remnants, appropriate collection time was 36∼48 hours after the cultivation started. When manufacturing microbial pesticide with the KBC3017 fungi, vermiculite, kaolin, diatomite was appropriate for inorganic increaser, and raw jade powder was appropriate for organic increaser, and after applying these increasers in cultivating the mold with absorbtion method and moisture construction method, product made by absorbtion method using nitrogen or diatomite mixed with raw jade powder had the best mold growth. After analysing the physicochemical disposition, the appropriate pH was ranging withing 5.9-6.4, and 97% of the particle size was 1mm. The created microbial pesticide was used to examine its effects, using the inside-pot test method, and the selected microbial pesticide KBC1 particle pesticide was used in the farm-house outdoor test to find the optimum consistency and its effects. The more amount used, the better effect it showed, but the optimum consistency was 2M, and the KBC1 particle pesticide, which used the diatomite and raw jade powder as its increaser, when used ado level of the total amount of soil, it showed 71% effect in nematode resisting, and the root and the stem of the plants were better compared to those without any pesticide used. Therefore, farmers should use a mixed or simultaneous combination of the microbial pesticides and chemical pesticides rather than using chemical pesticides alone in order to optimize the resisting effects, and this result was very important economically, and environmentally. By this, the research on manufacturing microbial pesticide for resisting the Meloidogyne spp. is intended to provide basic data for commercializing purposes.
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