초록
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청소년기는 신체적,생리적 발달로 육체적 활동량이 증가되고 급격한 성숙이 이루어지는 제2의 성장기이므로 식생활의 중요성이 더욱 강조되는 시기이다. 올바른 식생활 행동은 개인의 신체적 건강뿐만 아니라 심리적 건강상태가 좌우되며, 충분한 영양의 공급은 학습이나 과제를 수행하는데 뇌 활동을 원활하게 해 준다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고등학생의 식생활이 신체적인 건강과 학업성취도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위한 것으로, 경기도 이천시내 3개교 남녀 고등학생 296명(남학생 149명, 여학생 147명)을 대상으로 설문지법을 이용하여 조...

청소년기는 신체적,생리적 발달로 육체적 활동량이 증가되고 급격한 성숙이 이루어지는 제2의 성장기이므로 식생활의 중요성이 더욱 강조되는 시기이다. 올바른 식생활 행동은 개인의 신체적 건강뿐만 아니라 심리적 건강상태가 좌우되며, 충분한 영양의 공급은 학습이나 과제를 수행하는데 뇌 활동을 원활하게 해 준다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고등학생의 식생활이 신체적인 건강과 학업성취도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위한 것으로, 경기도 이천시내 3개교 남녀 고등학생 296명(남학생 149명, 여학생 147명)을 대상으로 설문지법을 이용하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 부모의 연령은 40～49세, 부모의 교육정도는 고졸, 부모직업은 부는 판매․서비스직, 모의 직업은 전업주부가 가장 많았다. 거주형태는 아파트, 월 평균 가구 소득 수준은 201～300만원, 학생의 한 달 평균 용돈은 3～5만원 미만, 부모님과의 동거여부는 부모님과 함께로 가장 많았다. 2. 성별 BMI(Body Mass Index)는 대부분 정상체중군(65.2%)에 속하고 있었고, 남학생은 평균 신장이 1.77±0.05m, 평균 체중이 65.26±8.95kg이었고, 여학생의 평균 신장은 1.63±0.05m, 평균 체중은 54.45±7.65kg으로 한국인 체위기준치를 초과하고 있었다. 3. 영양지식은 약간이라도 알고 있다고 생각하고 있었으며, 여학생이 더 많이 안다고 생각했다. 영양지식 점수는 87.23점으로 ‘높음’군에 속하였고, 남학생 점수가 더 높았으며, 영양지식이나 정보는 매스컴이나 학교교육과정을 통해서 얻었다. 식습관 점수는 67.13점으로 ‘보통’으로 평가되었으며, 남학생 점수가 더 높았고, 영양지식 점수가 높을수록 식습관 점수가 높았다. 과체중군의 영양지식 점수와 식습관 점수가 가장 높았다. 4. 식사실태는 1일 식품 섭취 점수가 3.36점으로 대체적으로 섭취하는 편이었고, 남학생은 우유 및 유제품을 여학생은 기름으로 조리한 음식의 섭취 정도가 높았다. 식사 결식률은 아침이 가장 높았으며 시간이 없어서 거른다고 하였고, 여학생이 더 많이 거르고 있었다. 가장 맛있게 식사하는 끼니는 저녁이었고, 남학생은 저녁을 여학생은 점심을 가장 맛있게 먹었다. 간식은 남학생이 더 많이 섭취하고 있었으며, 하루에 한 번 정도로 먹을 것이 있어서와 습관적으로라는 이유로 섭취하고 있었다. 간식을 남학생은 점심과 저녁사이에 여학생은 저녁과 취침사이에 더 많이 하였다. 밤참은 주로 과일류였고, 편식은 남학생이 더 하고 있었으며, 편식 식품은 채소류였다. 커피는 남학생이 더 마시고 있었고, 잠을 쫓기 위해서였다. 자신이 생각하는 현재 식생활의 문제점으로는 남학생은 편식을 여학생은 과식을 가장 큰 문제로 지적하였다. 5. 건강상태는 대부분 질병이 없었고, 질병이 있는 경우 코 관련 질병이 가장 많았다. 보약은 65.5%가 섭취한 경험이 있었고, 건강식품은 칼슘제, 유산균을 섭취하였다. 신체적인 건강상태 점수는 눈, 귀, 입, 호흡기, 순환기, 소화기, 근육․골격, 피부, 피로감 9개 항목에서 3.89점으로 대체적으로 건강한 편이었고, 여학생이 건강상태가 더 좋지 않았다. 6. 학업성취도는 ‘상’인 학생이 가장 많았고, 남학생 성적이 더 좋았다. 7. 어머니의 연령이 적을수록 커피를 안 마셨고, 아버지의 교육수준이 높을수록 식습관 점수가 높았다. 어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록 간식을 많이 섭취하였고, 편식하는 학생들이 많았다. 어머니가 가정주부일수록 아침을 거르지 않았으며, 간식의 섭취가 적었다. 한 달 총 수입이 많을수록 영양지식 점수가 높았으며, 학생의 한 달 용돈이 많을수록 아침을 거르는 경우가 많았다. 체중이 적을수록 밤참과 간식을 더 많이 섭취하고 있었으며, 편식은 비만체중군, 커피는 과체중군이 많이 마셨다. 8. 영양지식 점수가 높을수록, 식습관 점수가 높을수록, 하루 세 끼 식사를 거르지 않고, 밤참을 섭취하고, 커피는 안 마시고, 간식․편식을 안 하는 학생들의 신체적 건강상태는 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 영양지식 점수가 높을수록, 밤참을 섭취하고, 간식을 섭취하고, 편식을 하는 학생들의 학업성취도가 더 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 고 3학생들의 일반적인 변인이나 식생활 행동은 신체적 건강과 학업성취도에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 특히 대입수학능력시험을 바로 앞 둔 학생들로서는 학업성취만를 위해 최선을 다해야만 하기에 올바른 영양지식을 바탕으로 한 질적인 식생활을 영위하기가 쉽지 않다. 그러나 신체적 건강을 유지하고 지적활동이 왕성한 시기의 영양 부족은 신체적 건강과 학업성취에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 매끼 균형된 식사가 어느 때보다 요구되며, 결식과 편식을 피하고, 현재 식생활 문제점을 개선시켜 좋은 식습관을 형성할 수 있도록 체계적인 영양교육과 식생활 지도가 개인은 물론 가정과 학교에서도 이루어져야겠다.

Abstract
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The importance of proper eating habits is significantly emphasized during adolescence because it is the period when the physical activity significantly increases due to the physical and physiological advancement during 2nd growth period. Proper eating habits control psychological as well as physical...

The importance of proper eating habits is significantly emphasized during adolescence because it is the period when the physical activity significantly increases due to the physical and physiological advancement during 2nd growth period. Proper eating habits control psychological as well as physical health conditions. In addition, sufficient nutrition helps brain activity associated with academic achievement. This study investigates how eating habits among high-school students influence their physical health and academic achievement. 296 high-school students (149 male students, 147 female students) were sampled from 3 high-schools located in Icheon, the Kyonggi province, Republic of Korea. From the results of this survey, the following conclusions were derived. 1. Most of students lived with their parents whose ages ranged between 40 and 49 years with a high school diploma. The occupations of fathers were sales and service managers and occupations of mothers were homemakers mostly. Most people lived in apartment complexes and the average incomes of households ranged between 2.1 and 3.0 million won. Most students had between 30 and 50 thousand won or less in monthly allowance. 2. 65.2% of the sample fell into the average weight group in the Sex BMI (Body Mass Index). The average height of male students was 1.77±0.05m and their average weight was 65.26±8.95kg. The average height of female students was 1.63±0.05m and their average weight was 54.45±7.65kg. This average exceeds the Korean physical condition standard. 3. Most students replied that they had some knowledge about nutrition, but female students felt that they knew more than male students. The average score for knowledge of nutrition was 87.23 and was ranked in the high group. The score of male students was higher than that of female students. Information about nutrition was obtained through mass communication or school curriculum. The average score for eating habits was 67.13. The score of male students was higher than that of female students. Higher score for nutrition knowledge of nutrition corresponded to higher score of eating habits. Scores for knowledge of nutrition and eating habits were highest among the overweight group. 4. Most students had an intake score of 3.36 for food daily. While male students had milk and dairy products, female students usually had fried food. The probability of skipping breakfast was higher than any other meal due to time constraints in the morning. In particular, more female students skipped breakfast compared to male students. Dinner was considered the most delicious meal. While male students enjoyed dinner most, female students enjoyed lunch most. Most male students generally had more snacks between meals than female students. Whereas snacking was more common between lunch and dinner among male students, it was more common between dinner and bedtime among female students. Most students mainly had a snack such as fruit at night. More male student, as compared to female students, had unbalanced diets with insufficient vegetable. Male students drank more coffee than female students to stay awake. Male students answered that the problem with their eating habits was an unbalanced diets whereas female students said that it was overeating. 5. The health condition of most students was good. In case of health problems, nose-related diseases were most common. 65.5% of students had experienced restorative food or nutritional supplements, such as calcium or lactobacillus. The physical health condition score was 3.89. This score measured 9 items: the eye, the ear, the mouth, the respiratory organ, the circulatory organ, the digestive organ, the muscle, the skeleton, the skin, and the feeling of fatigue. While the average health condition of most students was good, the health conditions of female students were worse than that of male students. 6. Academic achievement of most students was ranked in the highest grade and the score of the male students was higher than that of female students. 7. Students with younger mothers drank less coffee. Students with more highly educated fathers had higher eating habit scores. The mothers’ level of education corresponded to more snacking and unbalance diets. If the mothers were housewives, students did not skip breakfast and had fewer snacks each day. Higher total monthly income corresponded to higher nutrition knowledge score. Higher monthly allowance corresponded to higher rate of skipping breakfast. Underweight students usually had more snacks at night and between meals. Obese students had an unbalanced diet and the overweight 8. As the score of knowledge of nutrition and eating habits were high, the students are more likely to have three meals a day and a snack at night, and less likely to drink coffee. Students with fewer snacks between meals and a balanced diet had a good physical health condition. Higher score of nutrition knowledge corresponded to more snacks between meals and at night and higher rate of unbalanced diets. This group of students showed higher academic achievement than other groups. Based on the observation from the results of this survey, the general circumstances and eating habits of third-grade high school students had an influence on their physical health and academic achievement. It was especially difficult for students to establish high quality eating habits based on the proper nutrition knowledge since they focused too heavily on academic achievement and preparation for the national college entrance exam. Since malnutrition has a negative influence on physical health and academic achievement, the author proposes that a balanced diet is critical during the crucial growth state of adolescence in order to maintain excellent physical health and promote mental activity. Therefore, systematic education about nutrition and instruction about balanced diets and eating habits should be conducted. Education about nutrition and diet should be conducted at school as well as at home o avoid an unbalanced diet and to form good eating habits.

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