블루베리(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)의 품종특성, 삽목번식 및 토양관리체계 확립 Characterization of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Cultivars for Growth and Fruiting, and Establishment of the Cuttings-based Propagation and Soil Management Techniques원문보기
국내에 도입되어 있는 블루베리 품종을 대상으로 생육 및 과실특성을 조사하고 삽목번식방법을 구명하였으며, 유기물 시용효과, 정식시 복토높이, 생력화를 위한 토양피복재료 등 토양관련 재배기술을 개발하고자 시험을 수행하였다. Ⅰ. 블루베리 품종의 생육 및 과실특성 북부하이부시 품종 20종을 수집하여 특성을 조사한 결과 개화기는 ‘Collins’가 4월 16일로 가장 빠르고 ‘Darrow’와 ‘Elliott’는 4월 29일로 늦었다. 수고는 ‘Nelson’, ‘Rancocas’, ‘Sunrise’가 125～128cm로 컸으며 반수고인 ‘Northblue’는 60cm로 작았다. 착과수는 ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’, ‘Sierra’가 많았고, ‘Berkeley’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Elliot’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Spartan’ 등은 500개/주 이하로 적었다. ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Spartan’의 수확기는 6월 23일로 빨랐고, ‘Darrow’와 ‘Elliott’는 7월 13일로 늦었다. 과중은 ‘Berkeley’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Spartan’ 등이 3.5g 이상으로 대립이었고 ‘Collins’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’ 등은 2.4g 이하로 작은 편이었다. 고당도 품종은 ‘Darrow’ 등 7종이 13°Brix 이상이었고 경도가 높은 품종은 ‘Duke’, ‘Sierra’, ‘Bluejay’, ‘Rancocas’였다. ...
국내에 도입되어 있는 블루베리 품종을 대상으로 생육 및 과실특성을 조사하고 삽목번식방법을 구명하였으며, 유기물 시용효과, 정식시 복토높이, 생력화를 위한 토양피복재료 등 토양관련 재배기술을 개발하고자 시험을 수행하였다. Ⅰ. 블루베리 품종의 생육 및 과실특성 북부하이부시 품종 20종을 수집하여 특성을 조사한 결과 개화기는 ‘Collins’가 4월 16일로 가장 빠르고 ‘Darrow’와 ‘Elliott’는 4월 29일로 늦었다. 수고는 ‘Nelson’, ‘Rancocas’, ‘Sunrise’가 125～128cm로 컸으며 반수고인 ‘Northblue’는 60cm로 작았다. 착과수는 ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’, ‘Sierra’가 많았고, ‘Berkeley’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Elliot’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Spartan’ 등은 500개/주 이하로 적었다. ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Spartan’의 수확기는 6월 23일로 빨랐고, ‘Darrow’와 ‘Elliott’는 7월 13일로 늦었다. 과중은 ‘Berkeley’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Spartan’ 등이 3.5g 이상으로 대립이었고 ‘Collins’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’ 등은 2.4g 이하로 작은 편이었다. 고당도 품종은 ‘Darrow’ 등 7종이 13°Brix 이상이었고 경도가 높은 품종은 ‘Duke’, ‘Sierra’, ‘Bluejay’, ‘Rancocas’였다. 안토시아닌 함량은 ‘Bluejay’ 등 8종이 100mg/100g 이상이었다. 주성분분석에 의한 품종분류 결과 수확기가 빠르면서 수량이 높은 A군, 수확기가 중간이면서 수량이 높은 B군, 수확기와 수량이 중간인 C군, 수확기는 중간이고 수량이 낮은 D군, 수확기가 늦고 수량이 중간인 E군 등 5개 군으로 분류되었다. Ⅱ. 블루베리의 삽목번식 삽목 용토별 pH는 피트모스 단용 4.3, 피트모스+모래 4.4～4.6, 피트모스+퍼라이트 혼용처리가 4.6～4.7이었고 함수율은 모래에 비해 퍼라이트 혼용시 높았는데 피트모스(70)+퍼라이트(30)처리는 45.9%를 나타내었다. 발근율은 품종에 따라 차이가 컸으나 용토별로는 피트모스(70)+퍼라이트(30)처리가 피트모스 단용에 비해 평균 5～20% 향상되었다. 생장조정제 처리에 의해 삽수의 발아율이 높아졌고 발근율은 ‘Sunrise’와 ‘Bluecrop’의 경우 NAA 500mg·L-1에서, ‘Duke’는 IBA 500mg·L-1 처리에서 높았다. 삽목 후 발근기까지(4월～6월) 삽상내 평균지온은 무차광에 비해 차광정도가 30～90%로 높아질수록 오전(9시)에는 1.1～2.2℃, 한낮(오후 1시)에는 3.3～4.8℃, 오후(5시)에는 2.6～3.6℃ 낮아졌고 발근율은 30% 차광처리에서 가장 좋았다. 삽목시기별 발근율은 3월 중순에 비해 4월 상순 처리에서 높았고 발근된 묘의 뿌리 발달 정도와 신초 생장량은 삽수마디가 클수록 양호하였으나 삽목효율 면에서 적정 삽수 마디수는 4～5개였다. Ⅲ. 블루베리의 토양관리 유기물의 pH는 피트모스가 4.3으로 가장 낮았고 소나무잎 4.8, 왕겨 7.3, 톱밥은 5.7이었다. 유기물 조성에 따른 생육기별 토양수분 함량은 피트모스+소나무잎〉피트모스단용〉피트모스+톱밥〉피트모스+왕겨 순으로 높게 나타났다. 유기물 처리 후 토양화학성은 피트모스단용 처리시 pH 5.1, 피트모스+소나무잎 5.2, 피트모스+왕겨 5.9, 피트모스+톱밥 처리시 5.4로 변하였다. 피트모스단용과 피트모스+소나무잎 처리에서 수세가 양호하고 착과수가 많았으나 과실특성은 차이가 없었다. 복토 15cm, 20cm 처리에서 수고와 수폭이 커지고 신초장, 신초수, 과실 송이수가 많았다. 복토높이에 따라 지하부 생육이 달라졌는데 복토 15cm 처리에서 지중에서 발생되는 발육지수가 8.3개로 가장 많았고 근중도 385g으로 높았다. 토양 피복재 처리 후 지온과 토양수분의 변화는 흑색PE필름 처리에서 전 기간 높게 유지되어 생육이 월동 전까지 진행되었고 이로 인해 동해가 발생되었다. 반면에 흑색부직포 처리는 정식 후 초기생육이 촉진되었고 착과수가 많아 수량 확보에 유리하였다. 잡초는 흑색차광망 처리에서 주로 발생되었으나 과실특성은 토양 피복재 처리에 의한 차이가 없었다.
국내에 도입되어 있는 블루베리 품종을 대상으로 생육 및 과실특성을 조사하고 삽목번식방법을 구명하였으며, 유기물 시용효과, 정식시 복토높이, 생력화를 위한 토양피복재료 등 토양관련 재배기술을 개발하고자 시험을 수행하였다. Ⅰ. 블루베리 품종의 생육 및 과실특성 북부하이부시 품종 20종을 수집하여 특성을 조사한 결과 개화기는 ‘Collins’가 4월 16일로 가장 빠르고 ‘Darrow’와 ‘Elliott’는 4월 29일로 늦었다. 수고는 ‘Nelson’, ‘Rancocas’, ‘Sunrise’가 125～128cm로 컸으며 반수고인 ‘Northblue’는 60cm로 작았다. 착과수는 ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’, ‘Sierra’가 많았고, ‘Berkeley’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Elliot’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Spartan’ 등은 500개/주 이하로 적었다. ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Spartan’의 수확기는 6월 23일로 빨랐고, ‘Darrow’와 ‘Elliott’는 7월 13일로 늦었다. 과중은 ‘Berkeley’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Spartan’ 등이 3.5g 이상으로 대립이었고 ‘Collins’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’ 등은 2.4g 이하로 작은 편이었다. 고당도 품종은 ‘Darrow’ 등 7종이 13°Brix 이상이었고 경도가 높은 품종은 ‘Duke’, ‘Sierra’, ‘Bluejay’, ‘Rancocas’였다. 안토시아닌 함량은 ‘Bluejay’ 등 8종이 100mg/100g 이상이었다. 주성분분석에 의한 품종분류 결과 수확기가 빠르면서 수량이 높은 A군, 수확기가 중간이면서 수량이 높은 B군, 수확기와 수량이 중간인 C군, 수확기는 중간이고 수량이 낮은 D군, 수확기가 늦고 수량이 중간인 E군 등 5개 군으로 분류되었다. Ⅱ. 블루베리의 삽목번식 삽목 용토별 pH는 피트모스 단용 4.3, 피트모스+모래 4.4～4.6, 피트모스+퍼라이트 혼용처리가 4.6～4.7이었고 함수율은 모래에 비해 퍼라이트 혼용시 높았는데 피트모스(70)+퍼라이트(30)처리는 45.9%를 나타내었다. 발근율은 품종에 따라 차이가 컸으나 용토별로는 피트모스(70)+퍼라이트(30)처리가 피트모스 단용에 비해 평균 5～20% 향상되었다. 생장조정제 처리에 의해 삽수의 발아율이 높아졌고 발근율은 ‘Sunrise’와 ‘Bluecrop’의 경우 NAA 500mg·L-1에서, ‘Duke’는 IBA 500mg·L-1 처리에서 높았다. 삽목 후 발근기까지(4월～6월) 삽상내 평균지온은 무차광에 비해 차광정도가 30～90%로 높아질수록 오전(9시)에는 1.1～2.2℃, 한낮(오후 1시)에는 3.3～4.8℃, 오후(5시)에는 2.6～3.6℃ 낮아졌고 발근율은 30% 차광처리에서 가장 좋았다. 삽목시기별 발근율은 3월 중순에 비해 4월 상순 처리에서 높았고 발근된 묘의 뿌리 발달 정도와 신초 생장량은 삽수마디가 클수록 양호하였으나 삽목효율 면에서 적정 삽수 마디수는 4～5개였다. Ⅲ. 블루베리의 토양관리 유기물의 pH는 피트모스가 4.3으로 가장 낮았고 소나무잎 4.8, 왕겨 7.3, 톱밥은 5.7이었다. 유기물 조성에 따른 생육기별 토양수분 함량은 피트모스+소나무잎〉피트모스단용〉피트모스+톱밥〉피트모스+왕겨 순으로 높게 나타났다. 유기물 처리 후 토양화학성은 피트모스단용 처리시 pH 5.1, 피트모스+소나무잎 5.2, 피트모스+왕겨 5.9, 피트모스+톱밥 처리시 5.4로 변하였다. 피트모스단용과 피트모스+소나무잎 처리에서 수세가 양호하고 착과수가 많았으나 과실특성은 차이가 없었다. 복토 15cm, 20cm 처리에서 수고와 수폭이 커지고 신초장, 신초수, 과실 송이수가 많았다. 복토높이에 따라 지하부 생육이 달라졌는데 복토 15cm 처리에서 지중에서 발생되는 발육지수가 8.3개로 가장 많았고 근중도 385g으로 높았다. 토양 피복재 처리 후 지온과 토양수분의 변화는 흑색PE필름 처리에서 전 기간 높게 유지되어 생육이 월동 전까지 진행되었고 이로 인해 동해가 발생되었다. 반면에 흑색부직포 처리는 정식 후 초기생육이 촉진되었고 착과수가 많아 수량 확보에 유리하였다. 잡초는 흑색차광망 처리에서 주로 발생되었으나 과실특성은 토양 피복재 처리에 의한 차이가 없었다.
Ⅰ. Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars In 2008, cultivar characteristics (growth and fruit quality) were investigated from 20 highbush blueberry cultivars at Jeollabuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. For this study, two-year old seedlings had been transp...
Ⅰ. Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars In 2008, cultivar characteristics (growth and fruit quality) were investigated from 20 highbush blueberry cultivars at Jeollabuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. For this study, two-year old seedlings had been transplanted in 2006. The results showed that bloom period was the earliest in ‘Collins’ (16 April) and latest in ‘Darrow’ and ‘Elliott’ (29 April). Fruit set were higher in ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’, and ‘Sierra’ than ‘Berkley’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Elliot’, ‘Nelson’, and ‘Spartan’. Fruit was larger in ‘Berkley’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Spartan’(>3.5 g), than ‘Collins’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Northland’, and ‘Rancocas’(13°Brix) were ‘Bluejay’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Coville’, ‘Darrow’, ‘Dixi’, ‘Jersey’, and ‘Northland’. Anthocyanin content was in the range of 55～155 mg/100 g and the cultivars with more than 100 mg/100 g were ‘Bluejay’, ‘Collins’, ‘Coville’, ‘Elliott’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Rancocas’ varieties. Principal component analysis using 21 characteristics of highbush blueberry, the 20 cultivars were classified into five group by maturing time and yield. Ⅱ. Establishment of the Propagation Methods by Cuttings for Blueberry Plants This study was carried out to determine the optimal conditions for the propagation by cuttings of highbush blueberry plants. The pH of the media for cuttings was 4.3 for peatmoss only, 4.4～4.6 for peatmoss +sand, and 4.6～4.7 for peatmoss+perlite. The most optimal medium for rooting was peatmoss:perlite(7:3) in which rooting, root length and root weight were good. Mean percent budding of the cuttings was promoted when PGRs were applied. Determined 90 days after cutting, callus development and rooting rate were high with 500 mg·L-1 NAA for the cultivars ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Sunrise’ cultivars but IBA at 500 mg·L-1 promoted rooting in ‘Duke’. Mean temperatures of the media for cuttings decreased with increasing level of shading; compared to non-shading control, shading reduced temperatures by 1.1～2.2℃ around 9 AM, by 3.3～4.8℃ around 1 PM, and by 2.6～3.6℃ 5 PM. Callus development and rooting rate were highest with 30% shading. The rooting rate from the hardwood cutting varied according to the time of sampling; rooting rate was higher in the cuttings sampled in early April, compared to the mid March samples. The growth potential of roots and shoots of the cuttings increased with increasing number of nodes per cutting. Considering rooting rate and cutting efficiency, 4～5 nodes per cutting was considered to be optimal. Ⅲ. Soil Management of Blueberry The main objective of this study was to develop the soil management techniques for improving blueberry production, which included the investigation of the effects of mounding height, incorporated organic materials, and mulching materials. Several organic materials were tested for their alternative to peatmoss, when partly composted pine needles, rice hulls and sawdust were used alone or in mixture. The pH of the organic materials was the lowest in peatmoss (4.3), followed by pine needles (4.8), sawdust (5.7) and rice hulls (7.8). Soil water content was maintained highest in peatmoss + pine needles, followed by peat only, peatmoss + sawdust and peatmoss + rice hulls. Soil pH that measured after incorporation of organic materials into the soil was similar in peat only and peatmoss + pine needles (5.2) while hieger in peatmoss + sawdust and peatmoss + rice hulls (5.4 and 5.9, respectively). Plant vigor and fruit set were good in both peatmoss only and peatmoss + pine needles treatments, leading to the increase in yield, but fruit quality was not influenced. The optimal mounding height in terms of plant growth and fruit number was found to be 15 ～ 20 cm. Overall root growth was highest with 15 cm mounding in which the number of vegetative branches developed averaged 8.3 per plant and roots weighed 385 g. Mulching materials affected soil water content and temperatures. Growth was good in both black polyethylene film and black non-woven fabric mulching treatments but black polyethylene film induced a slight winter injury (15%) on the current years growth. Consequently, fruit set and yield were higher in the black non-woven fabric mulching treatment than black polyethylene film. However fruit characteristics were not influenced.
Ⅰ. Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars In 2008, cultivar characteristics (growth and fruit quality) were investigated from 20 highbush blueberry cultivars at Jeollabuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. For this study, two-year old seedlings had been transplanted in 2006. The results showed that bloom period was the earliest in ‘Collins’ (16 April) and latest in ‘Darrow’ and ‘Elliott’ (29 April). Fruit set were higher in ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Collins’, ‘Duke’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northland’, ‘Rancocas’, and ‘Sierra’ than ‘Berkley’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Elliot’, ‘Nelson’, and ‘Spartan’. Fruit was larger in ‘Berkley’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Spartan’(>3.5 g), than ‘Collins’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Northland’, and ‘Rancocas’(13°Brix) were ‘Bluejay’, ‘Blueray’, ‘Coville’, ‘Darrow’, ‘Dixi’, ‘Jersey’, and ‘Northland’. Anthocyanin content was in the range of 55～155 mg/100 g and the cultivars with more than 100 mg/100 g were ‘Bluejay’, ‘Collins’, ‘Coville’, ‘Elliott’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Northblue’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Rancocas’ varieties. Principal component analysis using 21 characteristics of highbush blueberry, the 20 cultivars were classified into five group by maturing time and yield. Ⅱ. Establishment of the Propagation Methods by Cuttings for Blueberry Plants This study was carried out to determine the optimal conditions for the propagation by cuttings of highbush blueberry plants. The pH of the media for cuttings was 4.3 for peatmoss only, 4.4～4.6 for peatmoss +sand, and 4.6～4.7 for peatmoss+perlite. The most optimal medium for rooting was peatmoss:perlite(7:3) in which rooting, root length and root weight were good. Mean percent budding of the cuttings was promoted when PGRs were applied. Determined 90 days after cutting, callus development and rooting rate were high with 500 mg·L-1 NAA for the cultivars ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Sunrise’ cultivars but IBA at 500 mg·L-1 promoted rooting in ‘Duke’. Mean temperatures of the media for cuttings decreased with increasing level of shading; compared to non-shading control, shading reduced temperatures by 1.1～2.2℃ around 9 AM, by 3.3～4.8℃ around 1 PM, and by 2.6～3.6℃ 5 PM. Callus development and rooting rate were highest with 30% shading. The rooting rate from the hardwood cutting varied according to the time of sampling; rooting rate was higher in the cuttings sampled in early April, compared to the mid March samples. The growth potential of roots and shoots of the cuttings increased with increasing number of nodes per cutting. Considering rooting rate and cutting efficiency, 4～5 nodes per cutting was considered to be optimal. Ⅲ. Soil Management of Blueberry The main objective of this study was to develop the soil management techniques for improving blueberry production, which included the investigation of the effects of mounding height, incorporated organic materials, and mulching materials. Several organic materials were tested for their alternative to peatmoss, when partly composted pine needles, rice hulls and sawdust were used alone or in mixture. The pH of the organic materials was the lowest in peatmoss (4.3), followed by pine needles (4.8), sawdust (5.7) and rice hulls (7.8). Soil water content was maintained highest in peatmoss + pine needles, followed by peat only, peatmoss + sawdust and peatmoss + rice hulls. Soil pH that measured after incorporation of organic materials into the soil was similar in peat only and peatmoss + pine needles (5.2) while hieger in peatmoss + sawdust and peatmoss + rice hulls (5.4 and 5.9, respectively). Plant vigor and fruit set were good in both peatmoss only and peatmoss + pine needles treatments, leading to the increase in yield, but fruit quality was not influenced. The optimal mounding height in terms of plant growth and fruit number was found to be 15 ～ 20 cm. Overall root growth was highest with 15 cm mounding in which the number of vegetative branches developed averaged 8.3 per plant and roots weighed 385 g. Mulching materials affected soil water content and temperatures. Growth was good in both black polyethylene film and black non-woven fabric mulching treatments but black polyethylene film induced a slight winter injury (15%) on the current years growth. Consequently, fruit set and yield were higher in the black non-woven fabric mulching treatment than black polyethylene film. However fruit characteristics were not influenced.
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