Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China and is caused by a novel bunyavirus, SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV is classified in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus, and is believed to be transmitted by ticks because the virus has been d...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China and is caused by a novel bunyavirus, SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV is classified in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus, and is believed to be transmitted by ticks because the virus has been detected in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. The major clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of SFTS are fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated serum hepatic enzymes, and death in SFTS patients is usually the result of multiple organ failure. Until now, interactions with wild animals are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SFTSV infection in wild animals in Korea, by using nested RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses.
Two hundred seventy five sera (196 from Korean water, 59 from Raccoons, 19 from roe deer and 1 from pigeon) and 1,451 ticks were collected from 10 wild animal rescue and conservation center in Korea from January to December 2014. Sera and ticks were analyzed by RT-PCR, nested PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Sera and ticks were also processed for the RNA extraction followed by the manufacturer’s recommendations using viral gene-spin DNA/RNA extraction kit (Intron, Korea).
Out of 275 sera samples, 7 (2.55%) were detected as SFTSV positive by real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR. in wild animals in the Republic of Korea. Among the wild animals, the higher positive cases were detected in roe deer (5.26%) followed by Korean water deer (2.55%) and Raccoons (1.70%). In addition, 569 pooling tick samples out of 1,433 ticks were also tested and 57 were positive in MFIR (minimum field infections rate) by real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR and was calculated as 25 (1.74%) and 32 (2.23%) respectively . Of the identified ticks, H. longicornis (89.95%, 1289/1433) was the most abundant species, followed by I. nipponensis (7.60%, 109/1433), H. flava (2.23%, 32/1433) from collected wild animals.
The minimum infection rate of SFTSV in H. longicornis was 2.09%. In addition, the most frequently observed life stage was adult (n=893/1433, 62.31%), followed by larva (n=306/1433, 21.35%), and nymph (n=234/1433 16.32%) (Table 3). Based on feeding status studied in the present study, feeding ticks (n=1017/1433) were more prevalent than non-feeding ticks (n=434/1433) infected to wild animals in Korea. Of the identified adult ticks, H. longgicornis (581/754, 77%) was the main species, followed by I. nipponensis (104/754, 13%), H. flava (32/754, 4%) and I. turdus (1/754, 0.1%). Of adult ticks, female ticks (669/754) occurred much more frequently than male ticks (224/754).
In this study, a total of 1433 ticks were collected and SFTSVs were detected in two species. Average rate of SFTSV detection was H. longicornis (2.33%) and I. nipponensis (1.83 %). SFTSV RNAs were detected in ticks in all stages, showing MRI in larvae (5/350, 1.42%), nymph (4/234, 1.70%), male (3/224, 1.34%), and female (20/669, 3%).
The result of this study showed the existence of SFTSV infection among wild animals in the Korea. This is the first report that Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) infection in wild animals and ticks in Korea.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China and is caused by a novel bunyavirus, SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV is classified in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus, and is believed to be transmitted by ticks because the virus has been detected in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. The major clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of SFTS are fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated serum hepatic enzymes, and death in SFTS patients is usually the result of multiple organ failure. Until now, interactions with wild animals are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SFTSV infection in wild animals in Korea, by using nested RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses.
Two hundred seventy five sera (196 from Korean water, 59 from Raccoons, 19 from roe deer and 1 from pigeon) and 1,451 ticks were collected from 10 wild animal rescue and conservation center in Korea from January to December 2014. Sera and ticks were analyzed by RT-PCR, nested PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Sera and ticks were also processed for the RNA extraction followed by the manufacturer’s recommendations using viral gene-spin DNA/RNA extraction kit (Intron, Korea).
Out of 275 sera samples, 7 (2.55%) were detected as SFTSV positive by real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR. in wild animals in the Republic of Korea. Among the wild animals, the higher positive cases were detected in roe deer (5.26%) followed by Korean water deer (2.55%) and Raccoons (1.70%). In addition, 569 pooling tick samples out of 1,433 ticks were also tested and 57 were positive in MFIR (minimum field infections rate) by real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR and was calculated as 25 (1.74%) and 32 (2.23%) respectively . Of the identified ticks, H. longicornis (89.95%, 1289/1433) was the most abundant species, followed by I. nipponensis (7.60%, 109/1433), H. flava (2.23%, 32/1433) from collected wild animals.
The minimum infection rate of SFTSV in H. longicornis was 2.09%. In addition, the most frequently observed life stage was adult (n=893/1433, 62.31%), followed by larva (n=306/1433, 21.35%), and nymph (n=234/1433 16.32%) (Table 3). Based on feeding status studied in the present study, feeding ticks (n=1017/1433) were more prevalent than non-feeding ticks (n=434/1433) infected to wild animals in Korea. Of the identified adult ticks, H. longgicornis (581/754, 77%) was the main species, followed by I. nipponensis (104/754, 13%), H. flava (32/754, 4%) and I. turdus (1/754, 0.1%). Of adult ticks, female ticks (669/754) occurred much more frequently than male ticks (224/754).
In this study, a total of 1433 ticks were collected and SFTSVs were detected in two species. Average rate of SFTSV detection was H. longicornis (2.33%) and I. nipponensis (1.83 %). SFTSV RNAs were detected in ticks in all stages, showing MRI in larvae (5/350, 1.42%), nymph (4/234, 1.70%), male (3/224, 1.34%), and female (20/669, 3%).
The result of this study showed the existence of SFTSV infection among wild animals in the Korea. This is the first report that Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) infection in wild animals and ticks in Korea.
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