Rajesh Singh
(Centre of Advanced Study in Banaras Hindu University)
,
B.K. Singh
(Centre of Advanced Study in Banaras Hindu University)
,
R.S. Upadhyay
(Centre of Advanced Study in Banaras Hindu University)
,
Bharat Rai
(Centre of Advanced Study in Banaras Hindu University)
,
Lee, Youn-Su
(Division of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Biological control of Fusarium udum causing wilt disease of pigeonpea was studied in vitro, as well as, in vivo. Aspergilluspavus, Anergillus niger, Bacilius licheniformis (strain-2042), Gliocladium virens, Peniciliium citrimum, and Trichoderma harzianum, which were found to be the most potent ones ...
Biological control of Fusarium udum causing wilt disease of pigeonpea was studied in vitro, as well as, in vivo. Aspergilluspavus, Anergillus niger, Bacilius licheniformis (strain-2042), Gliocladium virens, Peniciliium citrimum, and Trichoderma harzianum, which were found to be the most potent ones in inhibiting the radial colony growth of the test pathogen, were used as biological control by amending their inocula at diffeyent concentrations in pots and in pathogen-infested soil in the fields. Maximum reduction of the wilt disease was observed with G. vireos both in pots and in the fields. The population of E. udum was found to be markedly reduced when the antagonists were applied in the soil. The study establishes that G. virens can be exploited for the biological control of wilt disease at field level.
Biological control of Fusarium udum causing wilt disease of pigeonpea was studied in vitro, as well as, in vivo. Aspergilluspavus, Anergillus niger, Bacilius licheniformis (strain-2042), Gliocladium virens, Peniciliium citrimum, and Trichoderma harzianum, which were found to be the most potent ones in inhibiting the radial colony growth of the test pathogen, were used as biological control by amending their inocula at diffeyent concentrations in pots and in pathogen-infested soil in the fields. Maximum reduction of the wilt disease was observed with G. vireos both in pots and in the fields. The population of E. udum was found to be markedly reduced when the antagonists were applied in the soil. The study establishes that G. virens can be exploited for the biological control of wilt disease at field level.
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문제 정의
, 1990; Bashar and Rai, 1994). This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of certain biocontrol agents for the control of wilt disease of pigeonpea.、
제안 방법
One ml aliquot of soil suspension was inoculated separately on melted and cooled Martin's and Thornton's agar media for fungi and bacteria, respectively. The experiment was done in three replicates for each sample and dilution. The plates were incubated at 25±2℃ for the fungi and 37±2℃ for the bacteria, and the colony forming units were recorded after 7 days of inoculation.
The infested plot without the im)c니atioii of the antagonists served as control. The plots were arranged in randomized block design with three replicates per treatment. The percent mortality and percent disease control were calculated by using the formula mentioned earlier after 60 days of sowing when the plants showed complete symptom of wilting.
대상 데이터
udum. Sixteen plots 2x1.8 m2 in size were made for four antagonists which were found to be potent against the test pathogen during glasshouse experiments. Each plot was infested with the pathogen by amending 150 g/m2 of the inoculum on wheat grains, and leaving the plots for 20 days with light watering to establish the pathogen in the plots.
The Petri plates containing the medium and culture filtrate were inoculated centrally with 5 mm agar block of 5-day-old culture of the pathogen. The experiment was performed in three replicates for each type of culture filtrate. For the control set, the same quantity of the sterilized and cooled distilled water was added on 16 ml of PDA medium.
Dominant rhizosphere fungi of pigeohpea, namely, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus luchuensis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Altemaria altemata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium citrinum, Gliocladium virens, and Trichoderma harzianum were isolated from pigeonpea grown in the research fanns of Banaras Hindu University, Xeranasi, India where plants have been severely affected by the wilt disease caused by Fusarium udum. The research farms are situated at 25°18N latitude and 85°1'E longitude. These dominant rhizosphere fungi were isolated by soil plate methods as described by Dhingra and Sinclair (1995) using Martin's agar medium.
Field applications. To perform the experiment, a field 20x20 m2 in size was selected in the Botanical Garden of the Banaras Hindu University where pigeonpea crop was regularly grown and the soil was already infested with F. udum. Sixteen plots 2x1.
데이터처리
Statistical analyses. The data from all the tests were analyzed statistically by applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) as described by Goon et al. (1986).
bData followed by different letters in the column are significantly different (P=0.05) as per Duncan's new multiple range test (DNMRT). DNMRT has been applied separately for fungi and bacteria.
이론/모형
The research farms are situated at 25°18N latitude and 85°1'E longitude. These dominant rhizosphere fungi were isolated by soil plate methods as described by Dhingra and Sinclair (1995) using Martin's agar medium. Trichoderma spp.
성능/효과
The effectiveness of the culture filtrates in inhibiting the pathogen was characterized as poor (50%).
6%). The effectiveness of the other antagonists was recorded in the following order: G. virens (100%), A. niger (88.4%), P. citrinum (86.3%), T. harzianum (80%), A. flavus (70.2%), and B. licheniformis strain-2042 (66.6%). The disease control was more pronounced in sterilized soil than in unsterilized soil.
The effectiveness of the culture filtrates in inhibiting the pathogen was characterized as poor (<25%), moderate (25-49%), and high (>50%). The maximum inhibition (69%) was recorded in G. virens, A. flavus, and B. licheniformis (strain-2042). P.
The pure inocula [1, 2, and 3% (w/w)] of A.flavus, A. niger, B. licheniformis (strain-2042), G. virens, P. citrinum, and T. har- zianum were mixed separately with the pathogen-infested soils. The pots containing the soil-pathogen inoculum mixture without the antagonists served as control.
Under field conditions, maximum control of the disease was observed with G. virens (50%), followed by A. niger (38%), P. citrinum (33%), and T. harzianum (28%) (Table 4). G.
후속연구
This antagonist can be exploited for biological control of the wilt disease of pigeonpea under field conditions. However, further research is needed to enhance the disease control capability of G. virens through biotechnological approaches, particularly through strain improvement, and also by developing their formulations in cheaper substrates to make them affordable to farmers.
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