[논문]CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE CITY OF RIYADH

Taher, Saud; Alsaati, Adnan

CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE CITY OF RIYADH 원문보기

Water engineering research : international journal of KWRA, v.3 no.4, 2002년, pp.269 - 278

Taher, Saud (Civil Engineering Department, King Saud University) , Alsaati, Adnan (Head of the Environmental Pollution Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology)

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A cross sectional analysis for residential water demand was conducted to help understand and explain the spatial and temporal variations in per capita water use in the rapidly growing city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was based on data previously collected from May 1983 to June 1984. 195 randomly selected households were distributed to three groups according to house condition, household income level, and social and cultural factors. The generated models using stepwise multiple regression indicated that plot size and number of males, females and children are the most significant independent variables. Although, coefficients of determination achieved for most of the developed models were low (0.2-0.5), the independent variables could still explain a part of the variations fur such a complex social and cultural structure.

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(1990) to develop non-linear re-gression models to forecast water demand for both natives and expatriates living in villas and apartments. The low values of goodness of fit (0.22) for most of these generated models and the negligence of considering the seasonal effect on consumption were the initiative for this re-search.

제안 방법

As shown above several factors influence the quantity and pattern of residential water demand It is the purpose of this paper to conduct a cross sectional analysis, in which a slice through cus-tomer profile at specific time frame (1983-1984) is taken, to identify user attributes that might explain the variation in consumption among users in the city of Riyadh. Several predictive models using step-wise multiple regression are formulated for three common classes of users, while taking into consideration the seasonal variations of demand.
(1986). He completed a field investiga-tion for determining the daily per capita average, maximum and minimum residential water con-sumption for the city of Riyadh. In addition, an attempt was also made to study the individual influence of several factors on the actual con-sumption from May 1983 to June 1984.

대상 데이터

Data involved in this study consisted of ob-servations of relevant variables for 195 individ-ual households as indicated previously. The vari-ables were selected in order to reflect the social, economical, environmental and cultural character-istics that may influence water use.
Several predictive models using step-wise multiple regression are formulated for three common classes of users, while taking into consideration the seasonal variations of demand. The analysis is based on field survey and measurements previously col-lected for 195 households from May 1983 to June 1984 by Al-Kadi (1986). Study results are expected to explain the variation in per capita water consumption and subsequently, could be of value to consultants and planners in predict-ing future water demands in Riyadh.

참고문헌 (16)

Abu-Rizaiza, O.S. (1991). 'Residential water usage: A case study of the major cities of the wstern region of Saudi Arabia.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp 667-671

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Abu-Rizaiza, O.S. (1982). Municipal, irrigational and industrial future water requirments in Saudi Arabia, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
Al-Kadi, H.M. (1986) Residential per capita water demand analysis in the city of Riyadh, MS. Thesis, King Saud University
Ayoade, J.U. (1987). 'Forecasting and managing the demand for water in Nigeria.' Water Resources Development, Vol. 3, No.4
Grima, A.P. (1972). Residential water demand. Published by the University of Toronto, Department of Geography, University of Toronto Press
Grima, A.P. (1985). 'Urban Water Conservation.' Geojournal, Vol. 11, pp 257-263

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International Water Resources Association(IWRA) (1982). Water for human consumption. Vol. 11, Tycooly International Publishing Ltd., Dublin
Khadam, M.A., (1985). Management of water supply in arid regions of developing Countries, Ph.D Dissertation, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Kindler J. and Rusell, C.S. (1984). Modeling water demands, Academic Press.
Parker, D.J. and E. Penning-Rowsell, (1980). Water planning in Britain. Allen & Jnwin Press, London
Power, N.A., Volker, R.E., and Stark, K.P. (1981). 'Deterministic models for predicting residential Water consumption.' Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 6

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Quraishi, A.A., Shammas, N.K., and Kadi, H.M. (1990). 'Analysis of per capita household water demand for the city of Riyadh.' The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, King Fahd University of petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia, Vol. 15, No. 4A
Schneider, M.L. and Witlatch, E.E. 'User-specific water demand elastictiew' Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 1
Sogreah - Seureca (1979). Extension of Riyadh distribution system, study and design: conceptual design appendices, Unpublished report prepared for the Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, KSA
Weber, J.A. (1989). 'Forecasting demand and measuring price elasticity.' Journal of American Water Works Association, Vol. 81, No. 5, pp 57-65
Wilson, L. and Luke, R. (1990). 'Forecasting urban water use: the IWR-main model.' Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 3

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CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE CITY OF RIYADH 원문보기

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CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE CITY OF RIYADH 원문보기

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