Abstract

The effects of zinc surfactant (ZB) on the bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (TESPD)-silica mixture in natural rubber (NR) and solution butadiene-co-styrene rubber(S-SBR) were compared with respect to their rheological property, processability, physical properties, and silica dispersion. In the NR compound, addition of the ZB increased the reversion resistance time (T-2), the tensile modulus, and the BO time; however, lowered the viscosity, the HBU, and tans values. In the S-SBR copound, addition of the ZB increased the $tan{\delta}$ values while lowered the T-2, the tensile modulus the BO time, the viscosity, and the HBU of the compound. In the NR compounds, addition of the ZB significantly increased the processability and mechanical property. However, in the S-SBR compounds, it improved the processability the mechanical property was not improved.

주제어

#zinc surfactant   #precipitated silica   #TESPD bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide   #rheology   #NR and S-SBR  

참고문헌 (52)

1. A. Hunsche, U. Gorl, A. Muller, M. Knaack, Th. Gobel, and Hurth, 'Investigatins Concerning the Reaction Silica/Organosilane and Organosilane/Polymer', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 50, 881 (1997) 
2. R. Rauline (Michelin), Europe Patent EP0501 227, (1991) 
3. Anonymous, 'Rubber Industry Manual', Bayer A. G., 1993 
4. P. Vondracek, M. Hradec, V. Chvalovsky, and H.D. Khanh,' The Effect of the Structure of Sulfur Containing Silane Coupling Agents on Their Activity in Silica-Filled SBR', Rubber Chem. Technol., 57, 675 (1984) 
5. A. Krysztafkiewicz, 'Modified Silica Precipitated in the Medium of Organic Solvents-an Active Rubber Filler', Colloid Polym. Sci., 267, 399 (1989) 
6. S. Montes, J. L. White, and N. Nakajima, 'Rheological Behavior of Rubber Carbon Black Compounds in Various Shear Flow Histories', J.Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 28, 183 (1988) 
7. E. Sheng and I. Sutherland, 'A Quantitative XPS Study of Spherically Shaped Powders Coated with an Overlayer', Surface Sci., 314, 325 (1994) 
8. C. W. Bunn, 'Molecular Structure and Rubber-Like Elasticity: I. The Crystal Structure of B Gutta-Percha, Rubber and Polychloroprene', Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 180, 40 (1942) 
9. B. Wunderlich, 'Macromolecular Physics, Vol 2', Academic Press, New York, (1978) 
10. A. N. Gent, 'Crystallization and the Relaxation of Stress in Stretched Natural Rubber Vulcanizates', Faraday Soc. Trans., 50, 521 (1954) 
11. P. J. Flory, 'Thermodynamics of Crystallization in High Polymers: I. Crystallization Induced by Stretching', J. Chem. Phys., 15, 397 (1947) 
12. E. H. Andrews, 'Crystalline Morphology in Thin Films of Natural Rubber: II. Crystallization Under Strain', Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 277, 562 (1964) 
13. E. M. Dannenberg, 'The Effects of Surface Chemical Interactions on the Properties of Filler-Reinforced Rubbers', Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 410 (1975); 'Reinforcement of Silicone Rubber by Particulate Silica', Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 558 (1975) 
14. K. J. Kim and J. VanderKooi, 'Effects of Zinc Ion Containing Surfactant on Bifunctional Silane Treated Silica Compounds in Natural Rubber', J. Ind Eng. Chem., 8(4), 334 (2002) 
15. E. H. Tan, S. Wolff, M. Haddernan, H. P.Grewatta, and M. J. Wang, 'Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part 1X. Performance of Silicas in Polar Elastomers', Rubber Chem. Technol., 66,594 (1993) 
16. K. J. Kim and J. VanderKooi, 'Improved Polymer Processing for Critical Extrusions', ITEC 2002 Akron OH (No. 7A) 
17. J. A. Hockley, and B. A. Pethica, 'Surface Hydration of Silicas', Faraday Soc. Trans., 57, 2247 (1961) 
18. K. J. Kim, and J. L. White, 'Silica Agglomerate Breakdown in Three-Stage Mix Including A Continuous Ultrasonic Extruder', J. Ind Eng. Chem., 6(4), 262 (2000) 
19. S. Wolff, 'Optimization of Silane-Silica OTR Compounds. Part 1: Variations of Mixing Temperature and Time During The Modification of Silica with Bis-(3-triethoxisilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide', Rubber Chem. Technol., 55, 967 (1982) 
20. U. Goerl, A. Hunsche, A. Mueller, and H. G. Koban, 'Investigations into the Silica/Silane Reaction System', Rubber Chem. Technol., 70, 608 (1997). 
21. A. N. Gent, 'Crystallization in Natural Rubber. IV. Temperature Dependence', J. Polym. Sci., 18, 321 (1955) 
22. M. Avrami, 'Kinetics of Phase Change. III Granulation, Phase Change, and Microstructure', J.Chem. Phys., 9, 177 (1941) 
23. R. Rauline (Michelin), U.S. Patent (filed Feb. 20,1992) 5,227,425 (1993) 
24. S. Wolff, 'Fullstoffentwicklung Heute und Morgen', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 32, 312 (1979) 
25. C. Lin, W. L. Hergenrother, and A. S. Hilton, 'Mooney Viscosity Stability and Polymer Filler Interactions in Silica Filled Rubbers', Rubber Chem. Tecnol., 75, 215 (2002) 
26. J. D. Hoffmann, J. I. Lauritzen, E. Passaglia, G.S. Ross, L. J. Frolen, and J. J. Weeks, 'Kinetics of Polymer Crystallization from Solution and the Melt', Koll. Z. Polym., 231, 564 (1969) 
27. K. J. Kim, and J. VanderKooi, 'TESPT and TESPD Treated Silica Compounds on Rheological Property and Silica Break Down in Natural Rubber', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 55(10), 518 (2002) 
28. A. D. Roberts Ed., 'Natural Rubber Science and Technology', Oxford Science Publications, New York, 1988 
29. J. L. White, 'Rubber Processing: Technology, Materials, and Principles', Hanser Publishers, Cincinnati, 1995 
30. P. D. Calvert, and D. R. Uhlmann, 'Theory of Polymer Crystallization Chain Folding', J. Appl. Phys., 43, 944 (1972) 
31. S. Wolff, 'Reinforcing and Vulcanization Effects of Silane Si69 in Silica-Filled Compounds', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 34, 280 (1981) 
32. E. H. Andrews, 'Spherulite Morphology in Thin Films of Natural Rubber', Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 270, 232 (1962) 
33. K. J. Kim and J. VanderKooi, 'Rheological Effects of Zinc Surfactant on the TESPT-Silica Mixture in NR and S-SBR Compounds', Int. Polym. Process., 17, 192 (2002) 
34. K. J. Smith, 'Crystallization of Networks under Stress', Polym. Eng. Sci., 16, 168 (1976) 
35. J. H. Bachmann, J. W. Sellers, and M. P. Wagner, 'Fine Particle Reinforcing Silicas and Silicates in Elastomers', Rubber Chem. Technol., 32, 1286 (1959) 
36. D. R. Bassett, E. A. Boucher, and A. C. Zettlemoyer, 'Adsorption on Hydrated and Dehydrated Silicas', J. Colloid Interface Sci., 27, 649 (1968) 
37. E. P. Plueddemann, 'Silane Coupling Agents', Plenum Press, New York, 1982 
38. M. Avrami, 'Kinetics of Phase Change. II Transformation-Time Relaxation for Random Distribution of Nuclei', J. Chem. Phys., 8, 212 (1940) 
39. S. Wolff, 'A New Development for Reversible Sulfur-Cured NR Compounds', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 32, 760 (1979) 
40. M. P. Wagner, 'Reinforcing Silicas and Silicates', Rubber Chem. Technol., 49, 703 (1976) 
41. K. J. Kim and J. VanderKooi, 'Zinc Soap Effects on TESPT and TESPD Treated Silica Compounds on Processing and Silica Dispersion During Mixing in Natural Rubber', Paper presented at ACS: Rubber Division, Oct. 2001, Cleveland, OH(Paper No.79) 
42. S. Wolff, 'Vernetzung von 1,5-Dien-Kautschuken mittels Bis-(3-triathoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfid', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 30, 516 (1977) 
43. B. Haworth, C. L. Raymond, and I. Sutherland, 'Polyethylene Compounds Containing Mineral Fillers Modified by Acid Coatings. 1: Characterization and Processing', Polym. Eng. Sci., 40, 1953 (2000) 
44. K. J. Kim and J. L. White, 'Silica Surface Modification Using Different Aliphatic Chain Length Silane Coupling Agents and Their Effects on Silica Agglomerate Size and Processability'', Composite Interfaces, 9(6), 541 (2002) 
45. A. Keller, and M. J. Machin, 'Oriented Crystallization in Polymers', J. Macromol. Sci., Bl,41 (1967) 
46. S. Kohjiya and Y. Ikeda, 'Reinforcement of General-Purpose Grade Rubbers by Silica Generated In Situ', Rubber Chem. Technol., 73, 534 (2000) 
47. M. Avrami, 'Kinetics of Phase Change. I', J.Chem. Phys., 7, 1103 (1939) 
48. N. Bekkedahl, and L. A. Wood, 'Crystallization of Vulcanized Rubber', lnd. Eng. Chem., 33, 381 (1941) 
49. F. Thurn and S. Wolff, 'Neue Organosilane fur die Reifenindustrie', Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 28, 733 (1975) 
50. K. J. Kim and J. L. White, 'TESPT and Different Aliphatic Silane Treated Silica Compounds Effects on Silica Agglomerate Dispersion and on Processability During Mixing in EPDM', J. Ind Eng. Chem., 7, 50 (2001) 
51. A. N. Gent, 'Engineering with Rubber: How to Design Rubber Components', Hanser Publishers, New York, 1992 
52. R. W. Allen (Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.), U.S. Patent (filed June 9, 1931) 02,048,314 (1936) 

이 논문을 인용한 문헌 (3)

1. Kim, Kwang-Jea 2009. "Bifunctional Silane (TESPD) Effects on Silica Containing Elastomer Compound Part I: Natural Rubber (NR)" Elastomers and composites = 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트, 44(2): 134~142  원문보기 상세보기
2. Jeon, Duk-Kyu ; Kim, Kwang-Jea 2009. "Bifunctional Silane (TESPD) Effects on Silica Containing Elastomer Compound Part II: Styrene-co-Butadiene Rubber (SBR)" Elastomers and composites = 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트, 44(3): 252~259  원문보기 상세보기
3. Kim, S.M. ; Cho, H.W. ; Kim, J.W. ; Kim, K.J. 2010. "Effects of Processing Geometry on the Mechanical Properties and Silica Dispersion of Silica-Filled Isobutylene-Isoprene Rubber (IIR) Compounds" Elastomers and composites = 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트, 45(3): 223~229  원문보기 상세보기