Amelioration of $Cd^{++}$ Toxicity by $Ca^{++}$ on Germination, Growth and Changes in Anti-Oxidant and Nitrogen Assimilation Enzymes in Mungbean(Vigna mungo) Seedlings원문보기
Kochhar Sunita
(Division of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, National Botanical Research Institute)
,
Ahmad Gayas
(Division of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, National Botanical Research Institute)
,
Kochhar Vinod Kumar
(Division of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, National Botanical Research Institute)
The present study describes the ameliorating effect of $Ca^{++}\;on\;Cd^{++}$ toxicity on the germination, early growth of mungbean seedlings, nitrogen assimilation enzyme. s-nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), anti-oxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) and on the accumulation o...
The present study describes the ameliorating effect of $Ca^{++}\;on\;Cd^{++}$ toxicity on the germination, early growth of mungbean seedlings, nitrogen assimilation enzyme. s-nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), anti-oxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) and on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sulphydryls. $Cd^{++}$ inhibited seed germination and root and shoot length of seedlings. While NR activity was down- regulated, the activities of NIR, POD and SOD were up- regulated with $Cd^{++}$ treatment. $Cd^{++}$ treatment also increased the accumulation of sulphydryls and peroxides, which is reflective of increased thiol rich proteins and oxidative stress. $Ca^{++}$ reversed the toxic effects of $Cd^{++}$ on germination and on early growth of seedlings as well as on the enzyme activities, which were in turn differentially inhibited with a combined treatment with calcium specific chelator EGTA. The results indicate that the external application of $Ca^{++}$ may increase the tolerance capacity of plants to environmental pollutants by both up and down regulating metabolic activities. Abbreviations: $Cd^{++}= cadmium,\;Ca^{++} = calcium$, NR= nitrate reductase, NIR=nitrite reductase, POD = peroxidse, SOD= superoxide dismutase, CAT= catalase, EGTA= ethylene glycol-bis( $\beta-aminoethyl ether$)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid.
The present study describes the ameliorating effect of $Ca^{++}\;on\;Cd^{++}$ toxicity on the germination, early growth of mungbean seedlings, nitrogen assimilation enzyme. s-nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), anti-oxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) and on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sulphydryls. $Cd^{++}$ inhibited seed germination and root and shoot length of seedlings. While NR activity was down- regulated, the activities of NIR, POD and SOD were up- regulated with $Cd^{++}$ treatment. $Cd^{++}$ treatment also increased the accumulation of sulphydryls and peroxides, which is reflective of increased thiol rich proteins and oxidative stress. $Ca^{++}$ reversed the toxic effects of $Cd^{++}$ on germination and on early growth of seedlings as well as on the enzyme activities, which were in turn differentially inhibited with a combined treatment with calcium specific chelator EGTA. The results indicate that the external application of $Ca^{++}$ may increase the tolerance capacity of plants to environmental pollutants by both up and down regulating metabolic activities. Abbreviations: $Cd^{++}= cadmium,\;Ca^{++} = calcium$, NR= nitrate reductase, NIR=nitrite reductase, POD = peroxidse, SOD= superoxide dismutase, CAT= catalase, EGTA= ethylene glycol-bis( $\beta-aminoethyl ether$)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid.
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제안 방법
Percent germination and early growth of seedlings were recorded every day up to 96 hr. The seedlings were sampled for the extraction of antioxidant, nitrogen assimi lation enzymes, total sulphydryls and peroxides at the end of the experiments. The data presents the mean of three independent experiments.
대상 데이터
Seeds of mungbean (Vigna mungo variety 19 a summer season crop) were obtained from a local seed store. Seeds of uniform sizewere selected, washed with distilled water and treated with 0.
The authors are thankful to Dr. P. Pushpangadan, Director National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow for providing the lab facilities. Technical help provided by Miss Aquila Bano is also acknowledged.
The seeds were then sown in petridishes lined with cotton pads moistened with water or solutions of specified concentrations of Cd++ singly and in combination with Ca++ with or without EGTA a Ca++ specific chelator. The experiments were con ducted in a temperature controlled illuminated growth chamber (Heraus-Votsch, temp 25±2℃, 60% RH, 16,000 lux light). Percent germination and early growth of seedlings were recorded every day up to 96 hr.
이론/모형
The supernatant was designated as the cwde enzyme and was used after desalting by passing it through a column of Sephadex G 25. Protein in the ex tracts was determined by the method of Lowry et al. (1951) using BSA as a standard.
The activity of SOD was assayed by measuring its ability to inhibit the photochemical reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium chloride by the method of Dhindsa et al. (1981). The 3 ml reaction mixture contained 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.
성능/효과
The results presented in this paperindicate that Ca++ can ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd++ in germination and early seedling growth of mungbean seedlings and the reversal is manifested through its effect on nitrogen assimilatory enzy mes (NR and NIR) and anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT). While NR activity was down reflated by Cd++ treatment, the effect increased with the increasing concen tration (data not given), the activities of NIR, SOD, POD and CAT were up-regulated.
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