[논문]Analytical Design Methodology for Recommending VDT Workstation Settings and Computer Accessories Layout

Rurkhamet, Busagarin; Nanthavanij, Suebsak

Analytical Design Methodology for Recommending VDT Workstation Settings and Computer Accessories Layout 원문보기

Rurkhamet, Busagarin (Industrial Engineering Program Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University) , Nanthavanij, Suebsak (Management Technology Program Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University)

Repetitive stress injury at the wrist has been reported as a common injury among visual display terminal (VDT) users (i.e., computer users). Adjusting a VDT workstation (computer table and chair) to maintain a correct seated posture while operating a keyboard is perhaps the most frequently recommended preventive solution. This paper proposes an analytical design methodology based on ergonomic design principles for recommending appropriate VDT workstation settings and layout of individual computer accessories on the computer table. The proposed design methodology consists of two interrelated phases: (1) determination of VDT workstation settings, and (2) design of computer accessories layout. Based on the information about the VDT user, dominant task to be performed, typing skill, and degrees of physical and visual interactions between the user and computer accessories, adjustment and layout solutions are recommended to allow having a correct seated posture while minimizing both physical and visual movements. The results from an experiment show that when adjusting the workstation and locating the computer accessories according to the recommendations given by the proposed design methodology, the user's hand movements can be significantly reduced.

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문제 정의

Straker and Mekhora (2000) categorized monitor positions into two groups: high monitor position (inclined backward 5° with the top of the monitor level with the subject’s eyes), and low monitor position (inclined 25° backward and with the bottom of the monitor level with the desk). The study shows that subjects working with a high monitor position have less head, neck, and trunk flexion and less cervical and erector spinae muscle activity than when they work with a low monitor position.

가설 설정

1. Whenever possible, the work surface height (or at least the height of those portions where computer accessories are placed on) should be adjustable to fit individual physical dimensions and preferences.
2. The accessories to be operated by hand should be at the elbow height.
3. Check if the optimal location of the secondary input device is outside the already occupied area and its dimensions do not overlap with the primary input device.
3. The work surface should provide adequate clearance for a person’s thighs under the work surface.
Each subject had to perform the assigned task two times, with at least three days apart between the tasks. In the first test, the subject was asked to adjust the VDT workstation settings and place the computer accessories as one preferred. All the settings and accessory locations were recorded and reference point coordinates measured.
Then, the difference in movement distances was determined by subtracting the total movement distance from the second test by that from the first test. It was hypothesized that the workstation adjustment based on the recommendations would result in a smaller total movement distance since the workstation components and computer accessories were placed at their appropriate levels and/or locations.

제안 방법

Based on the assumption of proper seated posture, the body reference points that are important for the proposed design methodology are ankle (A), knee (K), hip (H), shoulder (S), elbow (EL), fingertip (F), wrist (W), and eye (E). The anthropometric data of body segments that link adjacent reference points can be expressed as the proportion of body height.
All subjects were given a typing test to classify their typing skill level into beginner, intermediate, or professional. Four professional-level typists, four intermediate-level typists, and four beginnerlevel typists were randomly chosen to perform the document preparation task. Among the remaining eight subjects, four were assigned the graphics design task while the other four the numeric data entry task.
The following guidelines offer helpful solutions to the computer accessory arrangement problem. The approach involves two separate but interrelated phases: (1) the general location of computer accessories, and (2) the specific arrangement of computer accessories within a group of related accessories in that general location. Four arrangement principles are recommended for the above two phases.
The major contribution of the proposed design methodology is to allow VDT users to sit more appropriately (with a correct seated posture) when performing a VDT task so as to reduce the body part discomfort (especially in the upper extremities). In the long term, it is anticipated that the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) would be reduced since one risk factor (i.
The proposed design methodology provides “practical” recommendations on how a VDT workstation should be adjusted and where computer accessories should be placed on the computer table, so that the VDT user can sit with a proper seated posture. Such recommendations are based on specific information about the user, task, VDT workstation, and computer accessories.
The proposed design methodology utilizes several ergonomic principles that provide relevant guidelines/ recommendations for workstation design and arrangement of components. These principles, to some extent, can be adapted for the design of computer accessories layout.
The layout of computer accessories has not been seriously considered. This design methodology integrates both the determination of workstation settings and the design of optimal layout to generate its recommendations based on relevant ergonomics principles. Since the results are quantitative, VDT users should find the recommendations practical and the adjustment process easy to perform.

대상 데이터

Twenty university students (15 males and 5 females) volunteered to participate without any compensation in an experiment to validate the proposed design methodology. Their age and body height ranges were 20-22 years and 155-180 cm, respectively.

성능/효과

3. Functional Principle: The “functional” principle recommends that computer accessories with functional similarity be grouped together.
Therefore, it could be concluded that the recommendations given by the proposed design methodology significantly decreased hand movements of subjects while performing VDT tasks. Consequently, it is believed that by adjusting the VDT workstation and arranging the layout of computer accessories according to the results from the proposed design methodology, the physical discomforts that VDT users usually experience as a result of prolonged VDT operation can be reduced.
For the document preparation task, irrespective of the typing skill level, the average hand movement distances were decreased by more than 75%. When comparing the differences in each VDT task using the paired t-test, the differences were found to be significant (α = 0.
05) for all VDT tasks. Therefore, it could be concluded that the recommendations given by the proposed design methodology significantly decreased hand movements of subjects while performing VDT tasks. Consequently, it is believed that by adjusting the VDT workstation and arranging the layout of computer accessories according to the results from the proposed design methodology, the physical discomforts that VDT users usually experience as a result of prolonged VDT operation can be reduced.
For the document preparation task, irrespective of the typing skill level, the average hand movement distances were decreased by more than 75%. When comparing the differences in each VDT task using the paired t-test, the differences were found to be significant (α = 0.05) for all VDT tasks. Therefore, it could be concluded that the recommendations given by the proposed design methodology significantly decreased hand movements of subjects while performing VDT tasks.

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Analytical Design Methodology for Recommending VDT Workstation Settings and Computer Accessories Layout 원문보기

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