[논문]Effects of Modifiers on the Supercritical <tex>$CO_{2}$</tex> Extraction of Glycyrrhizin from Licorice and the Morphology of Licorice Tissue after Extraction

Kim Hyun Seok; Lee Sang Yun; Kim Byung Yong; Lee Eun Kyu; Ryu Jong Hoon; Lim Gio Bin

doi:10.1007/bf02933484

Effects of Modifiers on the Supercritical $CO_{2}$ Extraction of Glycyrrhizin from Licorice and the Morphology of Licorice Tissue after Extraction 원문보기

Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering : Bbe, v.9 no.6, 2004년, pp.447 - 453

Kim Hyun Seok (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Suwon) , Lee Sang Yun (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Suwon) , Kim Byung Yong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyunghee University) , Lee Eun Kyu (Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University) , Ryu Jong Hoon (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Suwon) , Lim Gio Bin (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Suwon)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Optimal conditions for the supercritical carbon dioxide $(scCO_{2})$ extraction of glycyrrhizin from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) were investigated, with an emphasis on the types and levels of modifiers. The morphology of the licorice tissue remaining after the $scCO_{2} $ extraction of glycyrrhizin was examined by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with measurements of absolute density. Conventional organic solvent extraction was also carried out for purpose of quantitative comparison. At 50 MPa and $60^{circ}C$ glycyrrhizin could not be extracted with pure $scCO_{2}$, while a considerable amount of glycyrrhizin was extracted when water was added to $scCO_{2}$ as a modifier. The highest recovery was found to be about $97\%$ when $70\%$ aqueous methanol was added to $scCO_{2}$ at a concentration of $15\%$. The optimal pressure and temperature for the supercritical fluid extraction of glycyrrhizin were observed to be 30 M Pa and $60^{circ}C$, respectively. Under these conditions, the percentage recovery of glycyrrhizin attained a maximum value of 102.67\pm$ $1.13\%$ within 60 min. Furthermore, in the case of $scCO_{2}$ modified with $70\%$ aqueous methanol, the licorice tissue obtained after extraction was found to be severely degraded by excessive swelling, and the absolute density of the licorice residues was observed to be the highest.

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제안 방법

3. Extractions were performed at 50 MPa, 60℃, and a CO₂ flow rate of 3 mL/min with 15-min static followed by 120-min dynamic extractions. Among these three modifiers, the highest recovery (32.
In this study, optimal conditions for the SFE of glycyrrhizin from licorice were investigated using pure and polar solvent-modified scCO₂. Most of glycyrrhizin could be extracted from licorice in 60 min by adding a 15% volume of 70% aqueous methanol, as a modifier, to scCO₂.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the optimal extraction conditions for various process parameters such as pressure, temperature, and the types and amount of polar modifiers for the SFE of glycyrrhizin from licorice. The influence of various CO₂-based extraction fluids on the morphology of the licorice tissue remaining after SFE was also examined by scanning electron microscopy and measurements of absolute density.

대상 데이터

Extractions were performed with an ISCO SFX 3560 supercritical fluid extractor (ISCO, Lincota, USA) equipped with two syringe pumps (100DX, ISCO) at various tem-peratures (40~120℃) and pressures (11 ~50 MPa), a schematic diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1. 2 응 dry licorice sample was loaded into a 10 mL extraction cell, and both CO₂ and a modifier were supplied to the extractor by each syringe pump.
The HPLC apparatus used in this study was composed of a 616 controller, a 996 photodiode array UV detector operating at 254 nm, a 515 HPLC pump, and a TM 717 Plus autosampler (M616LC, Waters, USA). A sample solution was injected through a 20 μL loop and separated in the CapCell PAK C₁₈ UG120 S-5 (250 mm x 4.

데이터처리

All the data obtained in this study were analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test using SAS (SAS Institute, NC, USA). The significant difference was established within a 5% level of significance (Fv0.

성능/효과

Extractions were performed at 50 MPa, 60℃, and a CO₂ flow rate of 3 mL/min with 15-min static followed by 120-min dynamic extractions. Among these three modifiers, the highest recovery (32.66 ± 0.77%) was observed with water, while both methanol and ethanol were found to have little influence on the recovery of glycyrrhizin (1.55 ± 0.18% and 1.24 ±0.25%, respectively). Although the addition of water to scCO₂ as a modifier enhanced the recovery significantly, the flow rate of the water-modified supercritical fluid was observed to be very unstable during extraction.
The effects of the extraction pressure on the glycyrrhizin recovery at 60℃ are summarized in Table 1. An initial extraction pressure of 11 MPa yielded 88.08 ± 1.98% of recovery, and the recovery increased to 99.87 ± 2.23% as the pressure increased to 30 MPa. However, further increases in pressure up to 50 MPa were found to exert little influence on the recovery of glycyrrhizin.
5. The total recovery of glycyrrhizin after a 120- min extraction at 50 MPa and 60℃ was 60.77 ± 2.62, 94.88 ± 1.68 and 97.63 ± 4.95%, respectively, at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% (v/v) relative to CO₂. When the concentration of the 70% aqueous methanol was 5%, most of the glycyrrhizin present in the licorice was extracted after a 60-min dynamic extraction.

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