The soil bacterial community and some inoculated bacteria were monitored to assess the microbial responses to prescribed fire in their microcosm. An acridine orange direct count of the bacteria in the unburned control soil were maintained at a relatively stable level $(2.0\~2.7\times10^9\;cells...
The soil bacterial community and some inoculated bacteria were monitored to assess the microbial responses to prescribed fire in their microcosm. An acridine orange direct count of the bacteria in the unburned control soil were maintained at a relatively stable level $(2.0\~2.7\times10^9\;cells/g^{-1}{\cdot}soil)$ during the 180 day study period. The number of bacteria in the surface soil was decreased by fire, but was restored after 3 months. Inoculation of some bacteria increased the number of inoculated bacteria several times and these elevated levels lasted several months. The ratios of eubacteria detected by a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method to direct bacterial count were in the range of $60\~80\%$ during the study period, with the exception of some lower values at the beginning, but there were no definite differences between the burned and unburned soils or the inoculated and uninoculated soils. In the unburned control soil, the ratios of $\alpha-,\beta-\;and\;\gamma-subgroups$ of the proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium and other eubacteria groups to that of the entire eubacteria were 13.7, 31.7, 17.1, 16.8 and $20.8\%,$ respectively, at time 0. The overall change on the patterns of the ratios of the 5 subgroups of eubacteria in the uninoculated burned and inoculated soils were similar to those of the unburned control soil, with the exception of some minor variations during the initial period. The proportions of each group of eubacteria became similar in the different microcosms after 6 months, which may indicate the recovery of the original soil microbial community structure after fire or the inoculation of some bacteria. The populations of Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens, which had been inoculated to enhance the microbial activities, and monitored by FISH method, showed similar changes in the microcosms, and maintained high levels for several months.
The soil bacterial community and some inoculated bacteria were monitored to assess the microbial responses to prescribed fire in their microcosm. An acridine orange direct count of the bacteria in the unburned control soil were maintained at a relatively stable level $(2.0\~2.7\times10^9\;cells/g^{-1}{\cdot}soil)$ during the 180 day study period. The number of bacteria in the surface soil was decreased by fire, but was restored after 3 months. Inoculation of some bacteria increased the number of inoculated bacteria several times and these elevated levels lasted several months. The ratios of eubacteria detected by a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method to direct bacterial count were in the range of $60\~80\%$ during the study period, with the exception of some lower values at the beginning, but there were no definite differences between the burned and unburned soils or the inoculated and uninoculated soils. In the unburned control soil, the ratios of $\alpha-,\beta-\;and\;\gamma-subgroups$ of the proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium and other eubacteria groups to that of the entire eubacteria were 13.7, 31.7, 17.1, 16.8 and $20.8\%,$ respectively, at time 0. The overall change on the patterns of the ratios of the 5 subgroups of eubacteria in the uninoculated burned and inoculated soils were similar to those of the unburned control soil, with the exception of some minor variations during the initial period. The proportions of each group of eubacteria became similar in the different microcosms after 6 months, which may indicate the recovery of the original soil microbial community structure after fire or the inoculation of some bacteria. The populations of Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens, which had been inoculated to enhance the microbial activities, and monitored by FISH method, showed similar changes in the microcosms, and maintained high levels for several months.
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제안 방법
, 2003). In this study, an indigenous soil bacterial commnity and several bacteria were inoculated to enhance some of the microbial activities with the subsequent plant growth monitored in soil microcosms by the direct counting and FISH methods during the 180 days following the prescribed burning. The soil microcosm may ease the difficulty of studying soil bacteria due to the heterogeneous nature of the physico- chemistry and changing environmental conditions in field soil ecosystems (Ellis, 2004).
이론/모형
In this study, the soil bacterial community in the microcosm after the prescribed fire was monitored by a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method after prescribed fire in the microcosm. Investigation of the microbi community structure in the environment may be important to comprehend fundamental ecosystem processes.
Samples were placed in large plastic bags and immediately transferred to the laboratory. The soil was sandy loam, with a pH 5.2, with an organic matter content of 3.85%, by the loss-on-ignition method. The fresh soil was sieved through a 4-mm mesh sieve, and 60 kg of the sieved soil poured into large plastic containers (1.
성능/효과
Although fire decreased the total bacterial population, the bacterial community structure examined using the FISH method was not significantly disturbed by fire, and became similar in all the microcosms after several months. The FISH analysis has been known to be easier and more rapid than other molecular biological techniques for the detection of the indigenous bacteria at various taxonomic levels (Manz et al.
, 1996). In the surface soils of the nbumed uninoculated control microcosm, the ratios of a-, p- and y-proteobacteria, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group and the other eubacte- ria group to that of the entire eubactena were 13.7, 31.7,17.1, 16.8 and 20.8%, respectively at time 0 (Fig. 2). The ratios of the a-, and y-subgroups of proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group ranged 9.
After 30 days the direct count gradually decreased, bt showed a higher level than that in the uninoculated microcosm for the 180 days. In this study, direct counting showed a distinct change in the pattern of the soil bacterial populations in each microcosm. As the direct bacterial count showed an increase during the initial 3 months, this may indicate the recovery process of the microbial community in burned soil, and also survival of the inoculated bacteria in both soils.
Investigation of the microbi community structure in the environment may be important to comprehend fundamental ecosystem processes. The ratios of eubacteria detected by the FISH method to the total bacteria enumerated by direct counting were within the range of 60~80% during the study period, with the exception of some lower values at the beginning, but there were no definite differences between the burned and unbumed soils or the inoculated and uninoculated soils. (Figs.
2). The ratios of the a-, and y-subgroups of proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group ranged 9.3~33.5%,14.1 ~31.7%, 10.9~20.6% and 15.3 ~34.5%, respectively, during the study period. In contrast, the “other eubacteria, , accounted for 3.
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