This study reports, for the first time, the ivestigation of the distribution of Korean saxicolous lichens in the coastal rocks of U-do islet, which is known as an unpolluted zone in Jeju. More than thirty lichens were obtained and investigated from the coastal rocks frequently contacted by seawater....
This study reports, for the first time, the ivestigation of the distribution of Korean saxicolous lichens in the coastal rocks of U-do islet, which is known as an unpolluted zone in Jeju. More than thirty lichens were obtained and investigated from the coastal rocks frequently contacted by seawater. A molecular analysis using PCR amplification of the rRNA ITS regions revealed the coastal rock lichens could be placed into 8 families and 14 genera, Ramalinaceae (Bacidia, Ramalina), Physciaceae (Buellia, Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine), Lecanoraceae (Candelaria, Lecanora), Parmeliaceae (Xanthopannelia), Graphidaceae (Graphis), Pertusariaceae (Pertusaria), Rhizocarpaceae (Rhizocarpon), and Teloschistaceae (Caloplaca), showing a diversity of lichens, with foliose (flat leaf-like), crustose (crustlike), and fruticose (miniature shrub-like) life forms might be distributed in the coastal rocks. These findings suggested the possibility that the lichens identified in the present work might be resistant to a salty environment.
This study reports, for the first time, the ivestigation of the distribution of Korean saxicolous lichens in the coastal rocks of U-do islet, which is known as an unpolluted zone in Jeju. More than thirty lichens were obtained and investigated from the coastal rocks frequently contacted by seawater. A molecular analysis using PCR amplification of the rRNA ITS regions revealed the coastal rock lichens could be placed into 8 families and 14 genera, Ramalinaceae (Bacidia, Ramalina), Physciaceae (Buellia, Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine), Lecanoraceae (Candelaria, Lecanora), Parmeliaceae (Xanthopannelia), Graphidaceae (Graphis), Pertusariaceae (Pertusaria), Rhizocarpaceae (Rhizocarpon), and Teloschistaceae (Caloplaca), showing a diversity of lichens, with foliose (flat leaf-like), crustose (crustlike), and fruticose (miniature shrub-like) life forms might be distributed in the coastal rocks. These findings suggested the possibility that the lichens identified in the present work might be resistant to a salty environment.
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3, were inspected, and specimens taken that could be removed using a screwdriver, mallet or utensils. All specimens were labelled with the collection date and site, and taken to the laboratory for identification of the level of species (or genus) using a molecular approach based on the intergenic spaces (ITS) of the 5.8S-18S rRNA sequence region along with lichen morphology such as thallus color, thallus classification (crustose, foliose, fruticose or squamulose), apothecia, either irregular or round and cuplike, with or without exciple, and spore characteristics, including color and size. The lichen samples used in this study were chosen due to their different geographic origins.
The tree showing the phylogenetic relationship between the lichens found in U-do Islet and their identities. Approx 400-450 bp 5.8S rRNA sequences, containing the ITS region, of the lichens living on the coastal rocks in the U-do islet, were analyzed and used to construct the dendrogram. The rDNA ITS sequences from genera Graphis and Ochrolechia were not used to make the tree due to lack of the rDNA ITS sequences in the analysed data.
8S- ITS2). Information on the length heterogeneity of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was examined by searching the GenBank database to assess the extent of variability within the main fungal taxonomic groups.
1 with sterile water. PCR was performed in a PCR machine (Perkin Elmer, USA) with the following thermo-cycling program: 5 min denaturation at 95℃, followed by 33 cycles of 1 min denaturation at 95℃, 1 min annealing at 55℃, 1 min extension at 72℃, and a final extension step of 10 min at 72℃. Ten microliters of PCR products were visualized by electrophoresis in 2% (w/v) agarose gels, with ethidium bromide (0.
, 2004), but very limited knowledge or information on saxicolous lichens, especially distributed in coastal rocks, is available. Therefore, this study aimed at creating an inventory of the more common saxicolous lichens in coastal rocks of U-do, which is located in 33°3O'N, 126°56'E (Fig. 2). This study reports for the first time on the saxicolous lichens distributed in the coastal rocks of U-do frequently contacted by seawater using both genetic and morphological analyses.
2). This study reports for the first time on the saxicolous lichens distributed in the coastal rocks of U-do frequently contacted by seawater using both genetic and morphological analyses.
성능/효과
Identification for the lichens, based on rRNA ITS as well as morphological characteristics, revealed 8 families, Ramalinaceae, Physciaceae, Lecano- raceae, Parmeliaceae, Pertusariaceae, Rhizocarpaceae, Grapidaceae and leloschistaceae, including fifteen genera, distributed in the coastal rocks of U-do (Table 2). Fourteen of the genera were: Bacidia, Ramalina, Buellia,Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine, Candelaria, Lecanora, Xanthoparmelia, Graphis, Pertusaria, Rhizo- carpon, and Caloplaca (Figs. 4 and 5). The genera Bacidia and Ramalina found in this study belonged to Ramalinaceae.
Most lichens were crustose, but foliose types, such as Xanthoparmelia, Physcia and Phaeophyscia, were also found with the fruticose lichen, Ramalina. Identification for the lichens, based on rRNA ITS as well as morphological characteristics, revealed 8 families, Ramalinaceae, Physciaceae, Lecano- raceae, Parmeliaceae, Pertusariaceae, Rhizocarpaceae, Grapidaceae and leloschistaceae, including fifteen genera, distributed in the coastal rocks of U-do (Table 2). Fourteen of the genera were: Bacidia, Ramalina, Buellia,Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine, Candelaria, Lecanora, Xanthoparmelia, Graphis, Pertusaria, Rhizo- carpon, and Caloplaca (Figs.
Some lichens such as Porpidia and Pertusaria were not used for drawing the phylogenetic tree due to the lack of rDNA ITS sequences in the analysed data. The phylogenetic tree, based on the ITS sequence shown in Fig. 5, revealed that the family Ramalinaceae had a closer relationship with Lecanoraceae and Parmeliaceae than other lichen families found in this study.
후속연구
Therefore, the physiological characterization of such lichens throgh isolation of algae and/or fungi might be necessary to gain an understanding of their favourable habitat. Our future studies will extend to other coastal sites for determining the lichens distributed in the coastal rocks of Korea, as well as for comparative analysis with these results.
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