The number of reporting the effects on ginseng's physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral effects has been increased every year. Major active components of Panax ginseng, are the ginsenosides, which are mainly triterpenoid dammarane derivatives. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is blown to induce ...
The number of reporting the effects on ginseng's physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral effects has been increased every year. Major active components of Panax ginseng, are the ginsenosides, which are mainly triterpenoid dammarane derivatives. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is blown to induce cellular energy deficit and oxidative stress related neurotoxicity via an irreversible inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Intraperitoneal injection of 3-NP produces striatal degeneration. Aged animals was more vulnerable to 3-NP than young animal. We used three different ages of 5-, 8-, and 26-week-old rats. 3-NP alone treatment induced striatal lesion and increased lesion volume with age-dependent manner in 5-, 8-, and 26-week-old rats by $30.2{\pm}5.8$, $v$, and $51.3{\pm}8.4mm^3$, respectively. However, pretreatment of GTS (100 mg/kg/day) before 3-NP reduced striatal lesion in 5-,8-, and 26-week-old rats by $3.15{\pm}6.1$, $8.89{\pm}1.9$, and $27.3{\pm}5.6mm^3$, respectively. Pretreatment of GTS also significantly increased survival rate in 5-week-old rats (3-NP alone: GTS +3-NP = $40.4{\pm}6.3$: $72.5{\pm}9.5\%$) than 8-week-old rats (3-NP alone: GTS + 3-NP : $13.5{\pm}5.2\%$ : $45.1{\pm}3.1\%$). In 26-week-old rats, 3-NP alone treated group died on day 18, whereas GTS +3-NP-treated group prolonged lifespan to 30 days. Thus, pretreatment of GTS before administration of 3-NP extended lifespan in all ages. The present results indicate that aged animals are more vulnerable to 3-NP and GTS pretreatment protected 3-NP-induced striatal damage in different ages of animals.
The number of reporting the effects on ginseng's physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral effects has been increased every year. Major active components of Panax ginseng, are the ginsenosides, which are mainly triterpenoid dammarane derivatives. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is blown to induce cellular energy deficit and oxidative stress related neurotoxicity via an irreversible inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Intraperitoneal injection of 3-NP produces striatal degeneration. Aged animals was more vulnerable to 3-NP than young animal. We used three different ages of 5-, 8-, and 26-week-old rats. 3-NP alone treatment induced striatal lesion and increased lesion volume with age-dependent manner in 5-, 8-, and 26-week-old rats by $30.2{\pm}5.8$, $v$, and $51.3{\pm}8.4mm^3$, respectively. However, pretreatment of GTS (100 mg/kg/day) before 3-NP reduced striatal lesion in 5-,8-, and 26-week-old rats by $3.15{\pm}6.1$, $8.89{\pm}1.9$, and $27.3{\pm}5.6mm^3$, respectively. Pretreatment of GTS also significantly increased survival rate in 5-week-old rats (3-NP alone: GTS +3-NP = $40.4{\pm}6.3$: $72.5{\pm}9.5\%$) than 8-week-old rats (3-NP alone: GTS + 3-NP : $13.5{\pm}5.2\%$ : $45.1{\pm}3.1\%$). In 26-week-old rats, 3-NP alone treated group died on day 18, whereas GTS +3-NP-treated group prolonged lifespan to 30 days. Thus, pretreatment of GTS before administration of 3-NP extended lifespan in all ages. The present results indicate that aged animals are more vulnerable to 3-NP and GTS pretreatment protected 3-NP-induced striatal damage in different ages of animals.
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가설 설정
(A) The summary of percent blockade on 3-NP induced-striatal lesion by GTS with age-dependent manner. A. The histograms show the percent blockade on 3-NP induced-striatal lesion by GTS with age-dependent manner. (*P<0.
In gross TTC staining of coronal brain sections, animals treated with 3-NP alone displayed bilateral stri atal lesions but in young age group of rat (5-week-old) 3- NP induced less striatal damage compared to the other groups, supporting that y이니ng animals were less sensitive to 3-NP than old animals. Next, we tested whether pre treatment of GTS could protect striatal damage induced by 3-NP in old group of rat. As shown in Fig.
제안 방법
Other procedures for drug admin istrations were same as described above. After drug administrations, twenty animals were randomly divided into control vehicle, 3-NP alone, or GTS (50 mg/kg, twice/day, i.p.) + 3-NP group (n = 20, each group), respectively. Other procedures were same as described above.
In survival experiments, twenty animals were randomly divided into 5-, 8-? and 26-week-old group. Again, each group was divided into control vehicle, 3-NP alone, or GTS (50 mg/kg, twice/day, i.p.) + 3-NP group (10 mg/kg, once every 3 days, i.p.). Other procedures for drug admin istrations were same as described above.
Other procedures were same as described above. Animals in each group were observed twice daily, early morning and late afternoon. Some of animals treated with 3-NP begin to show severe limb paralysis, dystonia, or other abnormal behaviors after 3-4 times administra tion.
We first examined the effects of GTS on neurotoxicity induced by repeated treatment of 3-NP using TTC stain ing method. The dosage of GTS (50 mg/kg, twice/day 3 h before 3-NP, every 12 h interval) were administered on day 0, followed by 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p., once every 3 days) on day 3 in different ages of rats (5-, 8-, and 26- week-old). On day 42, 3-NP and GTS administration were discontinued.
대상 데이터
GTS was kindly obtained from Korea Gin seng Corporation (Taejon, Korea). GTS contained Rb1 (17.1%), Rb2 (9.07%), Rc (9.65%), Rd (8.26%), Re (9%), Rf (3%), Rg] (6.4%), Rg2 (4.2%), Rg3 (3.8%), Ro (3.8%), Ra (2.91%) and other minor ginsenosides. GTS was diluted with bath medium or saline before use.
1. Structures of the nine representative ginsenosides. They differ at three side chains attached the common steroid ring.
데이터처리
Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. For statistical comparisons, ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons and Student's t test for pairs of data. P < 0.
성능/효과
But, GTS plus 3-NP treated-group significantly decreased lesions compared with 3-NP alone group (●: 5 weeks-old, ▼: 8 weeks-old, and ■: 26 weeks-old; n = 20, each group. The mean survival of 5-week-old rats was 72.5% in GTS plus 3-NP group, and was 40.37% in 3-NP alone group after 14 times administration of 3-NP. The mean survival of 8-week-old rats was 45.
37% in 3-NP alone group after 14 times administration of 3-NP. The mean survival of 8-week-old rats was 45.1% in GTS plus 3-NP group, and was 13.47% in 3-NP alone group after 14 times administration of 3-NP. But, all 26-week-old rat died after only 9 times administration of 3-NP, and died in 3-NP alone group after 5 times administration of 3-NP (n = 20, each group).
Since these animals themselves lost the ability to eat food and died if they were not paid with further cares, we considered them as dead and have euthanized them as previously reported33^ The survival rate was significantly correlated with age-dependence. We could observe a long survival rate in 5- and 8-weeks-old rats for 42 days (5- week-old : 8-week-old = 40.4 ± 6.3% : 13.5 ± 5.2% in 3- NP alone group), whereas the survival rate in 26-week- old-rats was strikingly decreased. Thus, all animals treated with 3-NP alone died on day 18.
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