Little is known about the bacterial communities associated with the plants inhabiting sand dune ecosystems. In this study, the bacterial populations associated with two major sand dune plant species, Calystegia soldanella (beach morning glory) and Elymus mollis (wild rye), growing along the costal a...
Little is known about the bacterial communities associated with the plants inhabiting sand dune ecosystems. In this study, the bacterial populations associated with two major sand dune plant species, Calystegia soldanella (beach morning glory) and Elymus mollis (wild rye), growing along the costal areas in Tae-An, Chungnam Province, were analyzed using a culture-dependent approach. A total of 212 bacteria were isolated from the root and rhizosphere samples of the two plants, and subjected to further analysis. Based on the analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences, all the bacterial isolates were classified into six major phyla of the domain Bacteria. Significant differences were observed between the two plant species, and also between the rhizospheric and root endophytic communities. The isolates from the rhizosphere of the two plant species were assigned to 27 different established genera, and the root endophytic bacteria were assigned to 21. Members of the phylum Gammaproteobacteria, notably the Pseudomonas species, comprised the majority of both the rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, followed by members of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rhizosphere and Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the root. A number of isolates were recognized as potentially novel bacterial taxa. Fifteen out of 27 bacterial genera were commonly found in the rhizosphere of both plants, which was comparable to 3 out of 21 common genera in the root, implying the host specificity for endophytic populations. This study of the diversity of culturable rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria has provided the basis for further investigation aimed at the selection of microbes for the facilitation of plant growth.
Little is known about the bacterial communities associated with the plants inhabiting sand dune ecosystems. In this study, the bacterial populations associated with two major sand dune plant species, Calystegia soldanella (beach morning glory) and Elymus mollis (wild rye), growing along the costal areas in Tae-An, Chungnam Province, were analyzed using a culture-dependent approach. A total of 212 bacteria were isolated from the root and rhizosphere samples of the two plants, and subjected to further analysis. Based on the analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences, all the bacterial isolates were classified into six major phyla of the domain Bacteria. Significant differences were observed between the two plant species, and also between the rhizospheric and root endophytic communities. The isolates from the rhizosphere of the two plant species were assigned to 27 different established genera, and the root endophytic bacteria were assigned to 21. Members of the phylum Gammaproteobacteria, notably the Pseudomonas species, comprised the majority of both the rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, followed by members of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rhizosphere and Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the root. A number of isolates were recognized as potentially novel bacterial taxa. Fifteen out of 27 bacterial genera were commonly found in the rhizosphere of both plants, which was comparable to 3 out of 21 common genera in the root, implying the host specificity for endophytic populations. This study of the diversity of culturable rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria has provided the basis for further investigation aimed at the selection of microbes for the facilitation of plant growth.
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문제 정의
This study will provide basic information on the diversity of bacteria associated with major plant species inhabiting the coastal sand dune area of Tae-an, Korea. While the study of bacterial diversity, using a culturedependent approach, has its own limitation, its main advantage is that a number of bacteria can actually be isolated and characterized for further study, including plant growth promoting activity and development of strategies for the restoration of vegetation in such ecosystems.
제안 방법
57c package (Felsenstein, 1985). A bootstrap analysis, using 1,000 replications, was performed to assess the relative stability of the branches.
The sequences were compared with the 16S rDNA sequences available in the public databases from a BLAST search, and identified to the generic level. The sequences generated from the materials in this study, and retrieved from GenBank, were initially aligned using the CLUSTAL X program (Thompson et al., 1997), and the alignment then refined manually using version 3.0 of the PHYDIT program (Chun, 1995; available at http:// plaza.snu.ac.kr~jchun/phydit). Ambiguously aligned regions were excluded from subsequent analyses.
This study is part of an ongoing project, which includes the examination of the diversity of bacterial populations associated with the rhizosphere and roots of two major coastal sand dune plants, C. soldanella and E. mollis, using a culture-dependent approach, as well as the collection of bacteria that could be used to facilitate plant growth. While there have been a few studies on the microbial diversity of terrestrial environments in Korea (Lee et al.
대상 데이터
Plants and soil samples were collected from four coastal sand dune areas of the Tae-An, Chungnam Province, in August 2003 (Table 1). These areas included actively growing zones of C.
이론/모형
Ambiguously aligned regions were excluded from subsequent analyses. A neighbor-joining tree was inferred with Kimura's 2-parameter distance model (Kimura, 1980) using the PHYLIP 3.57c package (Felsenstein, 1985). A bootstrap analysis, using 1,000 replications, was performed to assess the relative stability of the branches.
Phylogenetic relationships among bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere (A) and roots (B) of Calystegia soldanella and Elymus mollis based on the partial 16S rDNA sequences. The trees were obtained by the neighbor-joining method using Kimura's two-parameter distance model. The numbers above each branch indicate bootstrap values of distance.
성능/효과
6%, respectively). Actinobacteria, including Arthrobamr, Microbacterium and Curtobacterium, all belonging to the pleomorphic coccoid group Micrococcineae, accounted for 14.1 and 10.3% in C. soldanella and E. mollis, respectively, and Firmicutes, including Bacillus. Brevibacillus and Exig- uobacterium, accounted for 5.
scophthalmum. Based on the 16S rDNA analysis, a number of isolates could be recognized as potentially new species or higher taxa, as all of the listed strains showed lower than 97% 16S rDNA sequence similarities with any validly described species. Notably, strains assigned to the phylum Bacteroidetes.
The common species found in both the rhizosphere and roots included Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Chryseobacterium proteolyti- cum. It was notable that the species composition of Pseudomonas differed according to the plant species, sites and parts sampled.
2). Members of Gammaproteobac- teria were predominant (30.4% in C. soldanella and 66.7% in E. mollis), and many of the isolates were again related to Pseudomonas (13.0 and 44.4%, respectively). Genera belonging to A Iphaproteobacteria (21.
The cultivated bacterial isolates obtained through this study were represented by 36 known bacterial genera from the phyla Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, as well as Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Members belonging to Gammaproteobacteria were predominant in most cases, with many of these isolates assigned to Pseudomonas in both the rhizosphere soils and roots of the two plants, whereas the composition of species was different according to the environment (Tables 1 and 2).
1A and 2). The members of phylum Gammaproteobacteria were predominant (59.2% of total isolates in C. soldanella and 46.6% in E. mollis, respectively), of which the genus Pseudomonas was the major taxon (33.8 and 19.0% of total isolates, respectively). Members of the phylum Bacterodetes were the second most abundant group (14.
The total bacterial isolates comprised 36 genera, among which 28 were present in the rhizosphere and 20 in the roots. There were obvious diflerences between the rhizosphere and root bacterial communities, and also between the two plant species.
후속연구
5% partial 16S rDNA sequence similarity with the highest match, thus implying this strain may represent a novel phylogenetic lineage at the family or even a higher taxonomic level. Further taxonomic characterization may be necessary to examine the precise taxonomic positions of such isolates. The dominance of Gammaproteobacteria, particularly species of Pseudomonas, was in line with previews observations (Marilley and Aragno, 1999).
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