Antihepatotoxic effect of Heat-treated Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum in $CCl_4-induced$ Rats and the Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Volatile Sulfur Substances원문보기
The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bulbs of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) collected from Daegwallyoung (D) and Ullung Island (U) in Korea were obtained using three different extracting methods. The first extracts, DL-1 DB-1, UL-1 and UB-1, were obtained from leaves (L) and b...
The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bulbs of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) collected from Daegwallyoung (D) and Ullung Island (U) in Korea were obtained using three different extracting methods. The first extracts, DL-1 DB-1, UL-1 and UB-1, were obtained from leaves (L) and bulbs (B) dried at $90^{\circ}C$, respectively, and the second extracts, DL-2, DB-2, UL-2 and UB-2, were obtained by extracting the leaves and bulbs of fresh plant parts. The third extracts DL-3, DB-3, UL-3 and UB-3 were obtained by incubating leaves and bulbs at $36^{\circ}C$. The six extracts obtained from A. victorialis var. platyphyllum at Daegwanllyoung (cultivated site) were orally administered to examine for a possible antihepatotoxic effect in $CCl_4-induced$ rats. DL-1 exhibited the most pronounced effect. The extracts inhibited serum ALT, AST, SDH, ${\gamma}-GT$, ALP and LDH activities elevated by $CCl_4$ injection and attenuated decreased glutathione S-transferase, glutatione reductase and ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ synthetase activities and a decreased hepatic glutathione. However, the extracts obtained from Ullung Is. (native site) were less active than the extracts from Daegwallyoung, suggesting that A. victorialis var. platyphyllum from the cultivated site is more useful for functional food than of native site. These results also suggest that the antihepatotoxic effect is due to a higher content of hepatic glutathione. Gas chromatography of the twelve extracts showed significantly different sulfides, disulfides or trisulfides contents belonging to volatile sulfur substances (VSS). Nine components were identified on the basis of their mass spectra, namely, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, 3,4-dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, and allithiamine. Extract DL-1 had the highest VSS content. Dried plant materials contained larger amounts of the VSSs than other extracts, and the leaves contained larger amount than the bulbs. These results suggest that heat treatment increases the antiheaptotoxic ability of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum by increasing the proportion of VSSs.
The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bulbs of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) collected from Daegwallyoung (D) and Ullung Island (U) in Korea were obtained using three different extracting methods. The first extracts, DL-1 DB-1, UL-1 and UB-1, were obtained from leaves (L) and bulbs (B) dried at $90^{\circ}C$, respectively, and the second extracts, DL-2, DB-2, UL-2 and UB-2, were obtained by extracting the leaves and bulbs of fresh plant parts. The third extracts DL-3, DB-3, UL-3 and UB-3 were obtained by incubating leaves and bulbs at $36^{\circ}C$. The six extracts obtained from A. victorialis var. platyphyllum at Daegwanllyoung (cultivated site) were orally administered to examine for a possible antihepatotoxic effect in $CCl_4-induced$ rats. DL-1 exhibited the most pronounced effect. The extracts inhibited serum ALT, AST, SDH, ${\gamma}-GT$, ALP and LDH activities elevated by $CCl_4$ injection and attenuated decreased glutathione S-transferase, glutatione reductase and ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ synthetase activities and a decreased hepatic glutathione. However, the extracts obtained from Ullung Is. (native site) were less active than the extracts from Daegwallyoung, suggesting that A. victorialis var. platyphyllum from the cultivated site is more useful for functional food than of native site. These results also suggest that the antihepatotoxic effect is due to a higher content of hepatic glutathione. Gas chromatography of the twelve extracts showed significantly different sulfides, disulfides or trisulfides contents belonging to volatile sulfur substances (VSS). Nine components were identified on the basis of their mass spectra, namely, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, 3,4-dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, and allithiamine. Extract DL-1 had the highest VSS content. Dried plant materials contained larger amounts of the VSSs than other extracts, and the leaves contained larger amount than the bulbs. These results suggest that heat treatment increases the antiheaptotoxic ability of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum by increasing the proportion of VSSs.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
가설 설정
-plant material (1 kg), the leaf extract (UL-2) and the bulb extract (UB-2) quantities were 59 g and 41 g, respectively. For the 3rd extract group, fresh leaves and bulbs (1 kg of each) were incubated in H2O at 36°C for 24 h. The extracts obtained were dried on a rotatory evaporator, and freeze dried. Using this incubation process, the Daegwallycnmg-leaf extract (DL- 3, 55 g) and Daegwallyoung-bulb extract (DB-3, 71 g), and the Ullung Is시eaf extract (UL-3, 59 g) and bulb extracts (UB-3, 40 g) were obtained.
제안 방법
. Animals were adapted to constant conditions (temperature: 20 土 2°C,humidity: 40-60%, light/dark cycle: 12 hr) for at least two weeks; rats of 200 土 1 g body weights were used for the experiments. The plant extracts were administered orally to the rats once a day for two weeks at 100 mg/kg.
데이터처리
- Statistical significance between experimental groups was analyzed using Duncan's new multiple range test.
of eight experiments. Data followed by different superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Duncan'snew multiple range test.
이론/모형
Data is shown as the /7-nitroaniline formation rate (unit: mU/ ml). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using a kit reagent (Asan Pharm. Co., Korea) based on the method of Roos (Roos, K.A., 1996). Enzyme activity was calculated using a standard calibration curve, and is quoted in Karmen units.
Enzyme activities were calculated using a standard calibration curve and shown by Karmen unit/ml. Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was meas니red using the method described by Weisner et al. (Weisner et al., 1965). This enzyme activity was calculated as the reduction in NADH due to oxidation to N* AD in 3 min and is presented as mU/ml.
This enzyme activity was calculated as the reduction in NADH due to oxidation to N* AD in 3 min and is presented as mU/ml. y- Glutamyltransferase (y-GT) activity was measured using the method described by Szasa (Szasa et al.. 1969). Data is shown as the /7-nitroaniline formation rate (unit: mU/ ml).
참고문헌 (24)
Berga, L. and Boida, D., The quantitative colorimetric determination of LDH. Sigma Tech. Bull. 500, 80-60 (1960)
Choi, J.W., Lee, K.T., et al., Pharmacological Effects of the Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum extracts on the rats induced by streptozotocin, poloxamer-407, $CCl_4$ and Dgalactosamine. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 34, 250-255 (2003)
Gusovsky, F. and Daly, J.W., Mitotoxin: A unique pharmacological tool for research on calcium-dependent mechanisms. Biochem. Pharmacol. 39, 1633-1639 (1990)
Gaitonde, M.K., A spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of cysteine in the presence of other naturally occurring amino acids. Biochem. J. 104, 627-633 (1967)
Higuchi, O., Tateshita, K., and Nishimura, H., Antioxidative activity of sulfur-containing compounds in Allium species for human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro. J Agric. Food Chem. 51, 7208-7214 (2003)
Lawson, L.D., Wang, Z.J., and Hughes, B.G., ${\gamma}$ -glutamyl-Salkylcysteines in garlic and other Allium spp. Precursors of age-dependent trans-1-propenyl thiosulfinates. J. Nat. Prod. 54, 436-444 (1991)
Moon, K.S., Components of Herbal Medicine and uses. 671-672 (1984)
Mize, C.E. and Langdon, R.G., Hepatic glutathione reductase: purification and general kinetic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 237, 1589-1593 (1962)
Matsukawa, T., Yurugi, S., and Matsuoka, T., Products of the reaction between thiamine and ingredients of the plants of Allium genus: Detection of allithiamine and itshomologs. Science, 118, 325-327 (1953)
Noll, T. and Groot, H., The critical steady-state hypoxic conditions in carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Biochem. Biophy. Acta, 795, 356-362 (1984)
Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28 56-60 (1957)
Richman, P.G. and Meister, A., Regulation of ${\gamma}$ -glutamylcysteine synthesis by nonallosteric feedback inhibition by glntathione. J. Biol. Chem. 1975, 250, 1422-1426
Roos, K. and A., A simplified autoanalyzer procedure for the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Clin. Chim. Acta. 13, 403-406 (1996)
Weisner, I.S., Rawnsley, H.M., Brooks, F.P., and Senior, J.R., Sorbitol dehydrogenase in the diagnosis of liver disease. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 10, 147-151 (1965)
Yoo, K.O., Kim, W.B., and Park, H.J., et al., Investigation on the ultrastructure of epidemis, anatomical, palynological, and cytological characteristics of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum collected from three different habitats. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39, 260-265 (1998)
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.