Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of dietary level of CLA and the duration of feeding CLAcontaining diets on reproductive performance in sows and piglet growth rate. Tallow (3% in gestation diet and 5% in lactation diet, respectively) was incorporated as a fat source in control diet, and each 50% (dietary CLA level of 0.75% in gestation diet, and 1.50% in lactation diet, respectively) or 100% (dietary CLA level of 1.50% in gestation diet, and 2.50% in lactation diet, respectively) of tallow was replaced by a commercial CLA preparation containing 50% CLA isomers. Diets containing CLA were fed either from d 15 premating to weaning or d 74 post-mating to weaning. The level of dietary CLA and feeding duration did not affect litter size. High dietary level of CLA, however, decreased piglet weights at birth (p<0.01) and tended to decrease backfat thickness of sows at weaning. Longterm feeding of CLA-containing diets decreased piglet weights at weaning (p<0.05) and backfat thickness of sows at weaning (p<0.05). CLA supplemented in sow diet was transferred to fetus and piglets during pregnancy and nursing period, respectively. CLA contents of femoral muscle of piglets were 2.08 to 2.57 mg per g of fat at birth, and 2.36 to 4.47 mg at 10 days of age in CLA groups, while CLA was not detected in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CLA tended to lower backfat thickness of sow and piglets' weight at birth or weaning, but did not affect total litter size. Dietary CLA was transferred efficiently during prenatal and postnatal periods of time through the placenta and milk, respectively.

주제어

#Conjugated Linoleic Acid   #Sow's Reproductive Performance   #Piglet Growth  

참고문헌 (34)

1. Averette, L. A., J. Odle, M. H. Monaco and S. M. Donovan. 1999. Dietary fat during pregnancy and lactation increases milk fat and insulin-like growth factor I concentrations and improves neonatal growth rates in swine. J. Nutr. 129:2123-2129. 
2. Boyd, R. D., R. S. Kensinger, R. J. Harrell and D. E. Bauman. 1995. Nutrient uptake and endocrine regulation of milk synthesis by mammary tissue of lactating sows. J. Anim. Sci. 73 (Suppl. 2):36. 
3. Bretillon, L., J. M. Chardigny, S. Gregiore, O. Berdeaux and J. L. Sebedio. 1999. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the hepatic microsomal desaturation activities in vitro. Lipids. 34:965-969. 
4. Du, M. and D. U. Ahn. 2002. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth rate of live birds and on the abdominal fat content and quality of broiler meat. Poult. Sci. 81:428-433. 
5. Evans, M., J. Brown and M. Mclntosh. 2002. Isomer-specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid on adiposity and lipid metabolism. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13:508-516. 
6. Ip, C., M. Singh, H. J. Thompson and J. A. Scimeca. 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses mammary carcinogenesis and proliferative activity of the mammary gland in the rat. Cancer Res. (Oxf.) 54:1212-1215. 
7. Pariza, M. W., L. J. Loretz, J. M. Storkson and N. C. Holland. 1983. Mutagens and modulator of mutagenesis in fried ground beef. Cancer Res. 43:2444S-2446S. 
8. Bee, G. 2000b. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid consumption during pregnancy and lactation influences growth and tissue composition in weaned pigs. J. Nutr. 130:2981-2989. 
9. Pettersen, J. and J. Opstvedt. 1991. Trans-fatty acid. 4. Effect on fatty acid composition of colostrums and milk. Lipids 26:711. 
10. Chin, S. F., J. M. Storkson, K. J. Albright, M. E. Cook and M. W. Pariza. 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved feed efficiency. J. Nutr. 124:2344-2349. 
11. Le Dividich, J., P. Herpin, E. Paul and F. Strullu. 1997. Effect of fat content of colosturm on volutary colostrumsintake and fat utilization in newborn pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75:707-713. 
12. SAS. 1999. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, SAS Inst, Inc., Cary, NC. 
13. Sauber, T. E., T. S. Stahly, R. C. Ewan and N. H. Williams. 1994. Maximum lactational capacity of sows with a high and low genetic capacity for lean tissue growth. J. Anim. Sci. 72 (Suppl 1):364. 
14. Aydin, R., M. W. Pariza and M. E. Cook. 2001. Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. J. Nutr. 131:800-806. 
15. Harrell, R. J., O. Phillips, R. D. Boyd, D. A. Dwyer and D. E. Bauman. 2002. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on milk composition and baby pig growth in lactating sows. Annual Swine Report 2002. NC State University, USA. 
16. Eggert, J. M., A. L. Carroll, B. T. Richert, D. E. Gerrard, J. C. Forrest, B. C. Bowker, E. J. Wynveen, J. E. Hammelman and A. P. Schinckel. 1999. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth, carcass composition and pork quality of two genotypes of lean gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (Suppl. 1):178(Abstr). 
17. Boyd, R. D., K. J. Touchette, G. C. Castro, M. E. Johnston, K. U. Lee and I. K. Han. 2000. Recent advances in amino acid and energy nutrition of prolific sows. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1638-1652. 
18. Chouinard, P. Y., L. Corneau, W. R. Butler, Y. Chilliard, J. K. Drackley and D. E. Bauman. 2001. Effect of dietary lipid source on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 84:680-690. 
19. Lee, K. N., D. Krichevsky and M. W. Pariza. 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis. 108:19-25. 
20. Bassaganya-Riera, J., R. Hontecillas-Magarzo, K. Bregendahl, M. J. Wannemuehler and D. R. Zimmerman. 2001. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid in nursery pigs of dirty and clean environments on growth, empty body composition and immune competence. J. Anim. Sci. 79:714-721. 
21. Folch, J., M. Lees and G. N. Sloan-Stanley. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497-509. 
22. Belury, M. A., K. P. Nickel, C. E. Bird and Y. Wu. 1996. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid modulation of phorbol ester skin tumor promotion. Nutr. Cancer. 26:149-157. 
23. Ip, C., C. Jiang, H. J. Thompson and J. A. Scimeca. 1997. Retention of conjugated linoleic acid in the mammary gland is associated with tumor inhibition during the post-initiation phase of carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 18:755-759. 
24. Dugan, M. E. R., J. L. Aalhus, A. L. Schaefer and J. K. G. Kramer. 1997. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat to lean partitioning and feed conversion in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77:723-725. 
25. Eggert, J. M., M. A. Belury, A. Kempa-Steczko, S. E. Mills and A. P. Schinckel. 2001. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the belly firmness and fatty acid composition of genetically lean pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2866-2872. 
26. Cook, M. E., C. C. Miller, Y. Park and M. Pariza. 1993. Immune modulation by altered nutrient metabolism: nutritional control of immune-induced growth depression. Poult. Sci. 72:1301-1305. 
27. Nicolosi, R. J., E. J. Rogers, D. Kritchevsky, J. A. Scimeca and P. J. Huth. 1997. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aorticatherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Artery. 22:266-277 
28. NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirement of Swine. 10th Ed. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. 
29. Bontempo, V., D. Sciannimanico, G. Pastorelli, R. Rossi, F. Rosi and C. Corino. 2004. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid positivelyaffects immunologic variables in lactating sows and piglets. J. Nutr. 134:817-824. 
30. Boyd, R. D., B. D. Moser, E. R. Jr. Peo and P. J. Cunningham. 1978. Effect of energy source prior to parturition and during lactation on piglet survival and growth and on milk lipids. J. Anim. Sci. 47:883-892. 
31. Dunshea, F. R., E. Ostrowska, B. Luxford, R. J. Smits, R. G. Campbell, D. N. D’souza and B. P. Mullan. 2002. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid can decrease backfat in pigs housed under commercial conditions. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.15:1011-1017. 
32. Lee, K. N., J. M. Ntambi and M. W. Pariza. 1998. Conjugated linoleic acid decreases hepatic stearoyl-Co A desaturase mRNA expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commum. 248:817-821. 
33. Bee, G. 2000a. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alter adipose tissue and milk lipids of pregnant and lactating sows. J. Nutr. 130:2292-2298. 
34. Le Dividich, J., P. Herpin, J. Mourot and A. P. Colin. 1994. Effect of low-fat colostrumson fat accretion and lipogenic enzyme activities in adipose tissue in the 1-day-old-pig. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 108:663-671. 

이 논문을 인용한 문헌 (0)

1. 이 논문을 인용한 문헌 없음