Effect of Dietary Addition of Turkish Propolis on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Serum Variables of Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)원문보기
We examined the effect of dietary Turkish propolis and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organ weights and some serum variables in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) birds. One hundred and fifty day-old quails were randomly divided into five groups, with ten replica...
We examined the effect of dietary Turkish propolis and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organ weights and some serum variables in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) birds. One hundred and fifty day-old quails were randomly divided into five groups, with ten replicate pens per treatment and three birds per pen. One group received the basal diet (antibiotic-free), the control. The flavomycin at 10 mg/kg diet and propolis at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg diet were added to the basal diet. Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were determinated weekly. Carcass characteristics, internal organ weights and serum variables were determinated at the end of the study (35 day). The results showed that body weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass weight were improved significantly (p<0.01) when compared to control group for birds fed diets containing propolis and flavomycin between 14 to 35 days. The addition of 1 g/kg propolis to the diet resulted in significantly (p<0.01) better-feed efficiency as compared to control and other treatment groups. There were no significant differences in carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver gizzard, proventriculus and intestinal weight and intestinal pH among the groups. In addition, serum ALP, total protein, uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride were not influenced by the any supplementation. However, birds fed with propolis tended to have higher serum HDL and lower level than birds fed the control diet. In conclusion, supplementation of propolis and flavomycin during the growth period showed similar effects on growth performance in quail. Therefore, it can serve as a natiral substitute for antibiotics in poultry diets.
We examined the effect of dietary Turkish propolis and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organ weights and some serum variables in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) birds. One hundred and fifty day-old quails were randomly divided into five groups, with ten replicate pens per treatment and three birds per pen. One group received the basal diet (antibiotic-free), the control. The flavomycin at 10 mg/kg diet and propolis at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg diet were added to the basal diet. Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were determinated weekly. Carcass characteristics, internal organ weights and serum variables were determinated at the end of the study (35 day). The results showed that body weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass weight were improved significantly (p<0.01) when compared to control group for birds fed diets containing propolis and flavomycin between 14 to 35 days. The addition of 1 g/kg propolis to the diet resulted in significantly (p<0.01) better-feed efficiency as compared to control and other treatment groups. There were no significant differences in carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver gizzard, proventriculus and intestinal weight and intestinal pH among the groups. In addition, serum ALP, total protein, uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride were not influenced by the any supplementation. However, birds fed with propolis tended to have higher serum HDL and lower level than birds fed the control diet. In conclusion, supplementation of propolis and flavomycin during the growth period showed similar effects on growth performance in quail. Therefore, it can serve as a natiral substitute for antibiotics in poultry diets.
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제안 방법
Carcass yield was calculated from eviscerated weight and live weight. Abdominal fat weight was measured and calculated.
At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from 10 birds per group via the retroorbital venous plexus for hematological and biochemical study. Within one hour of collection the serum was separated.
150 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica) were used in this experiment. Birds were weighed (9.2 g) and randomly assigned to five groups of 10 replicate pens (30x50 cm), containing 3 chicks using a completely randomized design (CRD). The diet (antibiotic-free) was formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of the broiler during the starter (0-35) period according to the National Research Council (NRC, 1994) recommendations.
After filtration, the extracts were evaporated to dry up under vacuum at 50℃. One mg of dry extract was reacted with 50 µl pyridine+100 µl bis-trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) including 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in a sealed glass tube for 30 min at 100℃ to prepare samples for gas chromatography. Sample volumes of 1 µl were injected and analyzed by GCMS.
After filtration, the extracts were evaporated to dry up under vacuum at 50℃. One mg of dry extract was reacted with 50 µl pyridine+100 µl bis-trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) including 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in a sealed glass tube for 30 min at 100℃ to prepare samples for gas chromatography. Sample volumes of 1 µl were injected and analyzed by GCMS.
Due to these properties, propolis was selected for use in this experiment. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the use of dietary propolis as a substitute for antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance and to determine whether propolis supplementation would affect carcass characteristics, internal organ properties and serum variables of quail birds.
대상 데이터
150 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica) were used in this experiment. Birds were weighed (9.
150 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica) were used in this experiment. Birds were weighed (9.
Serum total triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and biochemical parameters (total protein, uric acid and glucose) were measured. All of the tests mentioned above were analysed by the fully automated Cobas-Integra 800 instrument (Roche). Internal quality control was achieved by including control samples of known value in at least two different levels of concentration.
At the end of 35 days, 8 birds from each treatment were selected based on the average weight of the group and sacrificed. The intestine was separated from the rest of the gastrointestinal tract after it was removed from birds.
At the end of the experimental period, eight birds from each treatment group were selected and sacrificed to evaluate the pH values. The intestine was collected and their pH determined immediately with an electronic pH meter.
데이터처리
0 (1999) using the following model, a completely randomized design (CRD): Ŷj=µ+αi+eij : Here, Ŷj observation value; µ：means of population; (αI：the effect of treatments: control, propolis levels and Flavomycin, respectively, eij : residual error. Means were separated by using Duncan multiple comparison. Results from feeding treatment diets 1 through 4 were analyzed as an orthogonal polynomial.
이론/모형
Data were analysed using the General Linear models (GLM) procedure of SPSS 10.0 (1999) using the following model, a completely randomized design (CRD): Ŷj=µ+αi+eij : Here, Ŷj observation value; µ：means of population; (αI：the effect of treatments: control, propolis levels and Flavomycin, respectively, eij : residual error. Means were separated by using Duncan multiple comparison.
Data were analysed using the General Linear models (GLM) procedure of SPSS 10.0 (1999) using the following model, a completely randomized design (CRD);义=μ+ a1+e1J : Here, Vj observation value;μ:means of population; (为:the effect of treatments: control, propolis levels and Flavomycin, respectively, ee : residual error.
성능/효과
The effect of dietary supplementation of propolis and falavomycin on the growth performance of the quails is presented in Table 3, 4 and 5. Diet supplementation with propolis increased body weight gain and feed consumption (p<0.01) and also improved feed efficiency (p<0.01) during the last four weeks (from 2 to 5 weeks) in the experiment. Birds fed diets containing flavomycin tended to be more efficient than control and propolis groups during in the growing period.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that propolis supplementation particularly at 1 g/kg feed, increased the growth performance and improved the serum lipid variables such as HDL and LDL of quails. In addition, propolis and flavomycin during the growth period showed similar effects on growth performance.
후속연구
(2002) stabilized rumen extract (SRE) in the diet. However, more experiments are needed to explain whether propolis can affect antimicrobials or antioxidants in poultry diets. In contrast to our results, Botsoglou et al.
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