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문제 정의
- The objective of the following experiment was to compare corn and wheat in finishing pig diets in order to determine whether performance or carcass quality are altered by the choice of cereal grain. The effects of the two energy sources on fat colour and the fatty acid composition of backfat was also determined.
제안 방법
- Samples of the rations were analysed in duplicate according to the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990). Analyses were conducted for moisture (AOAC method 930.15), crude protein (AOAC method 984.13), acid detergent fibre (AOAC method 973.18), ash (AOAC method 942.05) and ether extract (AOAC method 920.39). An amino acid analysis of the diets was performed using a LKB-Biochrome 4151 Alpha Plus Amino Acid Analyser after hydrolysis for 22 h with 6 N HCl.
- Carcass weight was recorded and dressing percentage calculated. Carcass fat and lean proportion measurements were obtained with a Destron probe (model PG-100, Anitech Identification Systems, Inc., Ottawa, Canada) placed over the 3rd and 4th last ribs, 70 mm off the midline. These values were then used in calculating Carcass Value Indices according to the table of differentials in effect at the time of the experiment (Saskatchewan Pork International, 2000).
- Fatty acid analysis was carried out in duplicate on a Supelcowax-2340 60 mx0.25 mx0.2 um column (Sigma Aldrich Ont. Canada) installed in an Agilent 6890 Series GC system using a flame ionisation detector with capillary injection system at a split ratio of 1:100. The oven temperature was set at 150℃ then raised to 200℃ at 1.
- The experimental data was statistically analysed using two methods. Firstly, a comparison was conducted using only data from pigs fed corn (N = 29) or wheat (N = 35) during the entire finisher period.
대상 데이터
- A total of 126 crossbred pigs (Camborough 15 Line femalex Canabred sire, Pig Improvement Canada Ltd, Airdrie Alberta) were used in this experiment, which was conducted in two replicates. The first replicate started November 5, 2001 and was comprised of 54 barrows weighing 57±8.
- A total of 126 crossbred pigs (Camborough 15 Line femalex Canabred sire, Pig Improvement Canada Ltd, Airdrie Alberta) were used in this experiment, which was conducted in two replicates. The first replicate started November 5, 2001 and was comprised of 54 barrows weighing 57±8.1 kg. The second replicate started October 23, 2002 and was comprised of 36 barrows and 36 gilts weighing 43.
- 6 m concrete floored pens and were provided with water ad libitum. The pens were equipped with four individual feeders. Each pig was allowed access to its own individual feeder for 30-min twice daily (07:00 h and 15:00 h).
- The pigs were housed in unisex groups of four in 2.7x 3.6 m concrete floored pens and were provided with water ad libitum. The pens were equipped with four individual feeders.
- 1 kg. The second replicate started October 23, 2002 and was comprised of 36 barrows and 36 gilts weighing 43.6±3.9 kg.
데이터처리
- wheat), sex of pig (barrows and gilts) and their interaction. The fatty acid composition of backfat and fat colour was analysed as a one-way ANOVA. Since the pigs were fed individually, they were considered the experimental unit for all statistical analysis and pen was never considered in any analytical model.
이론/모형
- Performic acid hydrolysis was not performed. Analyses for carotenes and xanthophylls were conducted using AOAC method 970.64 (AOAC, 1990).
- Fat was extracted from the adipose tissue using a modification of the Folch wash method (Mir et al., 2000). The backfat samples (approximately 500 mg) were placed into a screw-capped tube and 1 ml of chloroform/methanol (2:1 v/v) solution was added.
- Firstly, a comparison was conducted using only data from pigs fed corn (N = 29) or wheat (N = 35) during the entire finisher period. The data from the performance trial and carcass data were analysed as a 2x2 factorial using the General Linear Models procedure of the Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc. (SAS, 1999) with the factors in the model consisting of type of cereal (corn vs. wheat), sex of pig (barrows and gilts) and their interaction. The fatty acid composition of backfat and fat colour was analysed as a one-way ANOVA.
성능/효과
- In terms of carcass traits, there were indications that wheat produced a superior carcass to corn. Although not statistically significant, the experiment indicated a trend (p<0.15) towards a higher carcass value index, higher lean yield percentage and lower loin fat for pigs fed wheat vs. corn. These findings support the work of Han et al.
- In conclusion, it would appear that wheat can substitute for corn in growing-finishing pig rations without detrimental effects on pig performance and actually producing a slightly better carcass than pigs fed corn. There were no differences in either the fatty acid composition of backfat or in backfat colour indicating that the decision to use wheat vs.
- The results of the performance trial indicate that both corn and wheat are excellent energy sources for use in growing-finishing pig diets. When used during the entire finishing period, the growth rate of the pigs fed diets based on the two cereal grains was identical (1.
- 05). Total saturated fatty acid content was 33.31% for both corn and wheat fed pigs (p = 0.997) while the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was 12.01% for corn fed pigs and 11.21% for wheat fed pigs (p = 0.257). The polyunsaturated/saturated ratio was 0.
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