Effect of Potato By-products Based Silage on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Carcass Fats in Holstein Steers원문보기
Pen, B.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Oyabu, T.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Hidaka, S.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Hidari, H.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
Ten 18.5-month old Holstein steers were allocated into two diet groups of five and fed either concentrates as control group or potato by-products based silage (PBS) as experimental group for six months to investigate the effect of PBS on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid com...
Ten 18.5-month old Holstein steers were allocated into two diet groups of five and fed either concentrates as control group or potato by-products based silage (PBS) as experimental group for six months to investigate the effect of PBS on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of carcass fats. The PBS diet consisted, in a DM basis, of 74.5% PBS, 16% hay, and 9.5% soybean milk residue (SMR). The control diet consisted, in a DM basis, of 82.5% concentrates and 17.5% hay. There were no significant differences in the overall average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency, yield score and meat quality score of dressed carcass between the two diet groups. There were no statistical differences in DM, crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) of beef and melting point of all adipose tissues from steers fed both diets. The PBS-fed steers tended to have lower Warner Bratzler shear (WBS) values than in the concentrate-fed steers (13.0 vs. 17.7 lb, p<0.1). At both sampling times 3 and 6 months of feeding period, PBS-fed steers had higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially linoleic (C18:2) acids in subcutaneous fat than in control group (p<0.05). PBS-fed steers had significantly higher proportions of PUFA, especially C18:2 fatty acids than in concentrate-fed steers in carcass fats (p<0.05). In conclusion, feeding PBS to fattening steers has shown to have the same potential as concentrate feeding in terms of effect on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Interestingly, PBS also seems preferable to concentrates because it increased the proportion of C18:2 fatty acid composition of carcass fats which is valuable for beef consumers.
Ten 18.5-month old Holstein steers were allocated into two diet groups of five and fed either concentrates as control group or potato by-products based silage (PBS) as experimental group for six months to investigate the effect of PBS on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of carcass fats. The PBS diet consisted, in a DM basis, of 74.5% PBS, 16% hay, and 9.5% soybean milk residue (SMR). The control diet consisted, in a DM basis, of 82.5% concentrates and 17.5% hay. There were no significant differences in the overall average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency, yield score and meat quality score of dressed carcass between the two diet groups. There were no statistical differences in DM, crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) of beef and melting point of all adipose tissues from steers fed both diets. The PBS-fed steers tended to have lower Warner Bratzler shear (WBS) values than in the concentrate-fed steers (13.0 vs. 17.7 lb, p<0.1). At both sampling times 3 and 6 months of feeding period, PBS-fed steers had higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially linoleic (C18:2) acids in subcutaneous fat than in control group (p<0.05). PBS-fed steers had significantly higher proportions of PUFA, especially C18:2 fatty acids than in concentrate-fed steers in carcass fats (p<0.05). In conclusion, feeding PBS to fattening steers has shown to have the same potential as concentrate feeding in terms of effect on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Interestingly, PBS also seems preferable to concentrates because it increased the proportion of C18:2 fatty acid composition of carcass fats which is valuable for beef consumers.
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문제 정의
Potato by-products based silage (PBS) is produced commercially from potato by-products which include culled potatoes and steamed-peeled potato by-products with some grain byproducts, and is used as feed for beef cattle in Hokkaido, Japan. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding PBS on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of the carcass fats in Holstein steers.
제안 방법
Over the whole experimental period, PBS was sampled weekly and other feedstuffs were sampled every four weeks. The feed samples were dried at 55°C for 48 h in dry oven, air-dried for 24 h, ground to pass 1 mm screen and then stored in air-tight containers until analysis.
PBS) on fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fats, GLM procedure of SAS was used. The model included effects of diet, feeding period and dietxfeeding period. Significance was declared at p<0.
, 1990). There were no significant differences in the overall ADG and DMI between steers fed PBS and control diets as the experiment was designed. However, a decrease in ADG of steers fed PBS diet was observed from week 19 of the experimental period, which was probably due to a decrease in DM intake of steers in PBS group.
대상 데이터
6 mo). The PBS used in the experiment were ensiled from, as a fresh basis, 29.6% potato peelings, 29.6% potato scrap, 13.3% potato pulp, 6.7% potato gluten feed, 8.9% corn cob, 8.9% soybean milk residue, and 3.0% beet pulp. Steers in both diet groups were fed in group and were offered 2 kg of hay/head daily plus either concentrates or PBS and soybean milk residue (SMR) as protein supplement.
이론/모형
Because of big variation of initial body weight of the experimental animals, the data for final body weight, daily weight gains, carcass characteristics, chemical composition, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues, and intramuscular fat were subjected to the analysis of covariance according to GLM procedure of SAS (1996), in which initial body weight was used as covariate. To investigate the effects offeeding period (3 mo vs.
After cooling in room temperature, the methylated samples were washed three times in Hexane. Lipid of feedstuffs was extracted according to the Folch method (Folch et al., 1957) and followed by procedure ofBlight and Dyer (Blight and Dyer, 1959). The intramuscular fat was extracted from ground semitendinosus muscle samples in accordance with the Folch method (Folch et al.
After cooling in room temperature, the methylated samples were washed three times in Hexane. Lipid of feedstuffs was extracted according to the Folch method (Folch et al., 1957) and followed by procedure ofBlight and Dyer (Blight and Dyer, 1959). The intramuscular fat was extracted from ground semitendinosus muscle samples in accordance with the Folch method (Folch et al.
Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) according to procedure of AOAC (1990). Neutral detergent fiber and ADF were analyzed according to Van Soest methods (Van Soest, 1967). Gross energy (GE) of feed was analyzed by bomb calorimeter (CA-4P, Shimadzu, Japan) as described by Mwenya et al.
All samples of adipose tissues were stored at -30°C until analysis. The carcass grading (yield score and meat quality score) was determined according to the Japanese carcass grading standard for beef. A boneless rib eye was removed between 6 and 7th ribs of the left side carcass and semitendinosus muscle were collected from the left side carcass.
, 1957) and followed by procedure ofBlight and Dyer (Blight and Dyer, 1959). The intramuscular fat was extracted from ground semitendinosus muscle samples in accordance with the Folch method (Folch et al., 1957). The extracted lipids from feed and intramuscular fat were methylated as described in adipose tissues above.
Because of big variation of initial body weight of the experimental animals, the data for final body weight, daily weight gains, carcass characteristics, chemical composition, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues, and intramuscular fat were subjected to the analysis of covariance according to GLM procedure of SAS (1996), in which initial body weight was used as covariate. To investigate the effects offeeding period (3 mo vs. 6 mo) and experimental diets (control vs. PBS) on fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fats, GLM procedure of SAS was used. The model included effects of diet, feeding period and dietxfeeding period.
Because of big variation of initial body weight of the experimental animals, the data for final body weight, daily weight gains, carcass characteristics, chemical composition, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues, and intramuscular fat were subjected to the analysis of covariance according to GLM procedure of SAS (1996), in which initial body weight was used as covariate. To investigate the effects offeeding period (3 mo vs. 6 mo) and experimental diets (control vs. PBS) on fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fats, GLM procedure of SAS was used. The model included effects of diet, feeding period and dietxfeeding period.
성능/효과
fat thickness of PBS group were numerically smaller than those of control group. The chemical composition, drip loss, cooking loss, and WBS value of beef and melting point of carcass fats from both diet groups are shown in Table 6. No significant differences were observed in beef DM (32.6 vs. 31.1%), CP (19.2 vs. 19.3%), and EE (11.1 vs. 9.2%) between control and PBS diet groups. There were no significant differences in drip loss (0.
The changes in body weights of steers in both diet groups are presented in Figure 1. From week 5 to week 17 of the experimental period, there were no significant differences in ADG of steers fed PBS and control diets (1.25 vs. 1.04 kg/d, p>0.05). However, from week 19 of the experimental period until slaughter, the ADG of steers fed PBS diet was lower than those fed control diet (0.
In conclusion, feeding the PBS to fattening steers seems to have the same potential as concentrates feeding in term of the effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of the carcass fats. Interestingly, it also excelled concentrates because it tended to produce tender beef with higher concentration of C18:2 and C18:3 in adipose tissues and intramuscular fat.
The chemical composition, drip loss, cooking loss, and WBS value of beef and melting point of carcass fats from both diet groups are shown in Table 6. No significant differences were observed in beef DM (32.6 vs. 31.1%), CP (19.2 vs. 19.3%), and EE (11.1 vs. 9.2%) between control and PBS diet groups. There were no significant differences in drip loss (0.
Our results showed that the final body weight of the PBS-fed steers tended to be lighter than that of control group. This was probably due to the PBS-fed steers had lower initial body weight and lower ADG than those of control steers.
2%) between control and PBS diet groups. There were no significant differences in drip loss (0.7 vs. 0.9%) and cooking loss (29.3 vs. 25.9%) between beef from steers fed control and PBS diets. However, the PBS-fed beef tended to have lower WBS values than in control group (13.
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