선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
제안 방법
- Estimates of line variance were increased by adding marker information into the analysis, because negative covariances between effects associated with the markers and the remaining effects associated with other loci existed. However, the fit of the model as indicated by the log likelihood improved by adding more markers as covariates into the analysis.
- , total 120 loci for one complete genome) for two chromosomes (A and B) for each individual in the base population. In the simulation program, size of base population (3,000, 1,500 and 750), number of QTL in a population (1, 2, 5 and 10), position of QTL effects on loci dependent on number of QTL in a population, magnitude of QTL value (5 to 50 as small effects, 30 to 75 as medium effects, and 50 to 95 as large effects in Group 1 and 5 to 23 as small effects, 30 to 48 as medium effects, and 50 to 68 as large effects in Group 2), and the allelic frequency for the positive allele at each major QTL (0.05) was initially assigned by external reading parameters to generate genotypes including QTL for base population. For example, to assign a magnitude of QTL value in a population, the values of QTLs were ranged from 5 to 50 by 5 in Group 1 and from 5 to 23 by 2 as magnitude of increasing dependent on assignment of number of QTL, i.
- , total 120 loci for one complete genome) for two chromosomes (A and B) for each individual in the base population. In the simulation program, size of base population (3,000, 1,500 and 750), number of QTL in a population (1, 2, 5 and 10), position of QTL effects on loci dependent on number of QTL in a population, magnitude of QTL value (5 to 50 as small effects, 30 to 75 as medium effects, and 50 to 95 as large effects in Group 1 and 5 to 23 as small effects, 30 to 48 as medium effects, and 50 to 68 as large effects in Group 2), and the allelic frequency for the positive allele at each major QTL (0.05) was initially assigned by external reading parameters to generate genotypes including QTL for base population. For example, to assign a magnitude of QTL value in a population, the values of QTLs were ranged from 5 to 50 by 5 in Group 1 and from 5 to 23 by 2 as magnitude of increasing dependent on assignment of number of QTL, i.
- In this study, the association between markers for QTL used as covariates and estimates of variance components due to effects of lines was investigated through computer simulation. The effects of size of population to develop inbred lines and initial frequencies and magnitudes of effects of QTL were also considered.
- Figure 9. Log likelihood multiplied by -2 for analysis of line effects of group 1 and group 2 with and without marker information included in the analysis to estimate variance components with various numbers of markers used as covariates (BPS: 3,000, QTL effects for group 1: 50 to 95, group 2: 50 to 68, frequency of QTL: 0.05).
- Figure 9. Log likelihood multiplied by -2 for analysis of line effects of group 1 and group 2 with and without marker information included in the analysis to estimate variance components with various numbers of markers used as covariates (BPS: 3,000, QTL effects for group 1: 50 to 95, group 2: 50 to 68, frequency of QTL: 0.05).
- The objectives of this study were to examine problems with using F1 data by simulation, association of marker loci and QTL from crosses of inbred parental lines and to enumerate the preliminary characterization of genetic superiority within inbred parental lines.
- The simulation program was written in Fortran. The program was set up to simulate five generations of animals or plants and to generate 30 different populations in each group.
- This study conducted to estimate variance components using F1 records of progeny generated from two completely inbred parental lines while jointly identifying marker-QTL associations.
- This study conducted to estimate variance components using F1 records of progeny generated from two completely inbred parental lines while jointly identifying marker-QTL associations.
- To obtain the initial population for development of inbred lines, the base generation was created by randomly assigning both major QTLs with values dependent on assignment by to position and for other loci values of 0 or 1 at each 60 loci (i.e., total 120 loci for one complete genome) for two chromosomes (/ and B) for each individual in the base population.
- To obtain the initial population for development of inbred lines, the base generation was created by randomly assigning both major QTLs with values dependent on assignment by to position and for other loci values of 0 or 1 at each 60 loci (i.e., total 120 loci for one complete genome) for two chromosomes (A and B) for each individual in the base population. In the simulation program, size of base population (3,000, 1,500 and 750), number of QTL in a population (1, 2, 5 and 10), position of QTL effects on loci dependent on number of QTL in a population, magnitude of QTL value (5 to 50 as small effects, 30 to 75 as medium effects, and 50 to 95 as large effects in Group 1 and 5 to 23 as small effects, 30 to 48 as medium effects, and 50 to 68 as large effects in Group 2), and the allelic frequency for the positive allele at each major QTL (0.
- The overall line variance with 10 QTLs with large QTL effects in the population was larger than with other numbers of QTLs with large QTL effects. Variance due to effects associated with lines increased after marker covariates were included in the analysis with large QTL effects and three different base population. However, when all 120 maker information were used as covariates in the analysis, variance due to effects associated with lines decreased always to about zero.
대상 데이터
- Each group was composed of thirty inbred lines, resulting in twenty-five single crosses per set of matings of five lines with five lines of the other group. Each final data set contained 150 F1 individuals. The genotype of each individual was determined by the pair of chromosomes, one from each parents.
- The thirty population (or lines) from three different sizes within each group were started individuals before initial base populations, which were 3,000, 1,500 and 750, selection. Five replicates of each combination of factors were generated for this study. For example, in the allelic frequencies for the positive allele at each major QTL of 0.
- Simulation for stochastic genetic model was based on an imaginary genome. The genome was composed of a set of 60 diploid loci, each with two alternate alleles (m and 0) for major QTL and each with two alternate alleles (1 and 0) for other loci. Each individual had one complete genome.
이론/모형
- The set of programs is used to estimate variance and covariance components using animal model and a derivative-free algorithm to obtain solutions for fixed effects, breeding values, and uncorrelated random effects, sampling variances of solutions and expectations of solutions based on Henderson’s mixed model equations (Boldman et al., 1995).
- Estimates of variances components due to line effects were obtained with derivative -free restricted maximum likelihood (MTDFREML). The set of programs is used to estimate variance and covariance components using animal model and a derivative-free algorithm to obtain solutions for fixed effects, breeding values, and uncorrelated random effects, sampling variances of solutions and expectations of solutions based on Henderson’s mixed model equations (Boldman et al., 1995).
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