Comparison of Indigenous Browses and Sunflower Seed Cake Supplementation on Intake and Growth Performance of Dual-purpose Goats Fed Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) Hay원문보기
Komwihangilo, D.M.
(Livestock Production Research Institute, Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture)
,
Chenyambuga, S.W.
(Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture)
,
Lekule, F.P.
(Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture)
,
Mtenga, L.A.
(Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture)
,
Muhikambele, V.R.M.
(Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture)
A study to compare the effects of supplementing Delonix elata, Grewia similis, Tamarindus indica and sunflower seed cake on intake and growth rate of dual-purpose goats fed low quality Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) hay was carried out. Twenty-eight male goats aged five to seven months (mean weigh...
A study to compare the effects of supplementing Delonix elata, Grewia similis, Tamarindus indica and sunflower seed cake on intake and growth rate of dual-purpose goats fed low quality Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) hay was carried out. Twenty-eight male goats aged five to seven months (mean weight 12.93${\pm}$3.94 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary groups in a completely randomised design. The diets were hay plus Grewia similis, hay plus Delonix elata, hay plus Tamarindus indica and hay plus sunflower seed cake. All diets were supplemented with maize bran. The experimental period was 90 days. Voluntary dry matter intake of the supplements was higher for Tamarindus indica (275.5 g/day) and Grewia similis (201.8 g/day) and lowest for sunflower seed cake (81g/day). Goats supplemented with Grewia similis had the highest hay intake (183.8 g/day) while those supplemented with sunflower seed cake had the lowest hay intake (98.9 g/day). Animals fed browse supplements gained significantly more weight (p<0.001) than those with sunflower seed cake. There were no significant differences in live weight change between goats fed the different browses. However, those fed Tamarindus indica gained an average of 20.79 g/d which was slightly higher than the gains for those on Grewia similis and Delonix elata while those fed sunflower seed cake lost weight. Correspondingly, goats supplemented with browse leaf meals had higher feed conversion ratios than those supplemented with sunflower seed cake and required 23.91 to 35.06 g DM of feed to produce one g of weight gain per day. In a separate study, the DM disappearance pattern indicated that Grewia similis and Delonix elata were highly degradable compared to Tamarindus indica. At 24 h of incubation, DM degradability was 627, 588 and 345 g/kg DM for Grewia similis, Delonix elata and Tamarindus indica, respectively. In another study in vivo DM digestibility ranged from 46.1% (for hay alone) to 56.2% (for hay plus Grewia similis). It was concluded that the addition of Tamarindus indica, Grewia similis and Delonix elata leaf meals to Cenchrus ciliaris hay resulted in increased total DM intake, in vivo digestibility and growth rate. Therefore, leaf meals of indigenous browses particularly Tamarindus indica and Grewia similis could be used as supplementary feeds for small ruminants grazing on poor quality roughages during the dry season rather than use of expensive, less effective and intermittently available sunflower seed cake.
A study to compare the effects of supplementing Delonix elata, Grewia similis, Tamarindus indica and sunflower seed cake on intake and growth rate of dual-purpose goats fed low quality Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) hay was carried out. Twenty-eight male goats aged five to seven months (mean weight 12.93${\pm}$3.94 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary groups in a completely randomised design. The diets were hay plus Grewia similis, hay plus Delonix elata, hay plus Tamarindus indica and hay plus sunflower seed cake. All diets were supplemented with maize bran. The experimental period was 90 days. Voluntary dry matter intake of the supplements was higher for Tamarindus indica (275.5 g/day) and Grewia similis (201.8 g/day) and lowest for sunflower seed cake (81g/day). Goats supplemented with Grewia similis had the highest hay intake (183.8 g/day) while those supplemented with sunflower seed cake had the lowest hay intake (98.9 g/day). Animals fed browse supplements gained significantly more weight (p<0.001) than those with sunflower seed cake. There were no significant differences in live weight change between goats fed the different browses. However, those fed Tamarindus indica gained an average of 20.79 g/d which was slightly higher than the gains for those on Grewia similis and Delonix elata while those fed sunflower seed cake lost weight. Correspondingly, goats supplemented with browse leaf meals had higher feed conversion ratios than those supplemented with sunflower seed cake and required 23.91 to 35.06 g DM of feed to produce one g of weight gain per day. In a separate study, the DM disappearance pattern indicated that Grewia similis and Delonix elata were highly degradable compared to Tamarindus indica. At 24 h of incubation, DM degradability was 627, 588 and 345 g/kg DM for Grewia similis, Delonix elata and Tamarindus indica, respectively. In another study in vivo DM digestibility ranged from 46.1% (for hay alone) to 56.2% (for hay plus Grewia similis). It was concluded that the addition of Tamarindus indica, Grewia similis and Delonix elata leaf meals to Cenchrus ciliaris hay resulted in increased total DM intake, in vivo digestibility and growth rate. Therefore, leaf meals of indigenous browses particularly Tamarindus indica and Grewia similis could be used as supplementary feeds for small ruminants grazing on poor quality roughages during the dry season rather than use of expensive, less effective and intermittently available sunflower seed cake.
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제안 방법
The bags were incubated in the rumen of two rumen-fistulated steers for 0, 3, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h where each browse material was replicated two times. The animals were offered Cenchrus ciliaris hay plus 3 kg of concentrate (a mixture of maize bran (70%), sunflower seed cake (29%) and salt (1%)) twice a day at 0800 and 1600 h. For purposes of comparison of the studied plant materials no attempt was made to adjust rumen micro-flora in favour of any.
대상 데이터
Experiments were conducted at the Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Mpwapwa, Tanzania (Latitude: 06°20'S Longitude: 36°30'E) between June 2000 and January 2001. The LPRI is in the semi-arid region characterized by a consecutive four months rainy period from November.
A digestibility experiment was conducted to determine the in vivo digestibility of hay alone, hay plus Grewia similis, hay plus Delonix elata and hay plus Tamarindus indica. For each test feed, three entire male goats aged 9-10 months and average weight of 14.12 kg were used. The animals were fed according to their body weight requirements and feed was supplied to the animals twice daily.
These goats were a result of a three way crossing between Kamorai (55%), Boer (30%) and indigenous Tanzanian goats (15%). The animals were randomly allotted into four groups of seven animals each. Each group was allocated to one of the four experimental treatment diets in a completely randomised design.
Twenty-eight Blended (Malya) entire male goats aged five to seven months with 12.93±3.94 kg mean weight were used in the growth and intake study. All animals were treated against internal and external parasites before commencement of the study.
데이터처리
The data on dry matter intake, in vivo digestibility and weight gain of the dual-purpose goats were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SAS (1999) software. Initial weights of the goats were used as a covariate in analysing the data on weight gain.
이론/모형
Samples of feeds offered and refusals were ground to pass a 1-mm screen. Dry matter and nutrient content of both offered and leftover feeds were analysed by AOAC (1990) procedure. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined by Goering and Van Soest (1970) method.
Dry matter and nutrient content of both offered and leftover feeds were analysed by AOAC (1990) procedure. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined by Goering and Van Soest (1970) method. Total tannins were analysed based on methods of Makkar et al.
성능/효과
Table 2 shows the degradability characteristics of the three browse species. Kinetics analysis of DM degradation showed that a rapidly soluble fraction (a) value of Grewia similis was the highest and that of Tamarindus indica was the lowest. For a potentially degradable fraction (b) the highest value was observed in Tamarindus indica, followed by that of Grewia similis, and that of Delonix elata was the lowest.
Kinetics analysis of DM degradation showed that a rapidly soluble fraction (a) value of Grewia similis was the highest and that of Tamarindus indica was the lowest. For a potentially degradable fraction (b) the highest value was observed in Tamarindus indica, followed by that of Grewia similis, and that of Delonix elata was the lowest. The pattern of DM disappearance over incubation time is shown in Figure 1.
Among the browse species, Tamarindus indica had the lowest (130 g/kg DM) CP content while Delonix elata had the highest (225 g/kg DM) level of CP. As expected, Cenchrus ciliaris hay had the highest values for both ADF and NDF. For the supplement feeds, the highest value for ADF content was found in Tamarindus indica, followed by that of sunflower seed cake.
05) differences in live weight change of goats fed the three browse supplements. Correspondingly, goats supplemented with Tamarindus indica, Grewia similis and D이onix elata had significantly (p<0.001) higher feed conversion ratio compared to those supplemented with sunflower seed cake and required only 23.91, 28.50 and 35.06 g DM of feed, respectively, to produce one g of weight gain per day.
001) influenced by the supplemental diets. Goats supplemented with Tamarindus indica and Grewia similis had the highest average daily gain while those supplemented with sunflower seed cake lost weight. There were no significant (p>0.
Among the browses, slightly higher growth rates and much better feed conversion ratio were observed in the animals that were supplemented with Tamarindus indica and Grewia similis. It is concluded that leaf meals of indigenous browses could be used as supplementary feeds for small ruminants fed on poor quality roughages during the dry season.
The pattern of DM disappearance over incubation time is shown in Figure 1. The DM disappearance pattern indicated that Grewia similis and D이onix elata were highly degradable compared to Tamarindus indica. For instance at 24 h of incubation, DM degradability was 627, 588 and 345 g/kg DM for Grewia similis, Delonix elata and Tamarindus indica respectively.
, 2003). The estimates of degradability characteristics of the browses indicate that Tamarindus indica had a greater amount of the potentially degradable fraction (a+b), but slower rate of degradation (c) than Grewia similis and Delonix elata. The higher ADF and Tannin contents in Tamarindus indica may have caused this slow passage rate.
001) among supplemented diets. The highest total DM intake was observed in goats which were supplemented with Tamarindus indica followed by those supplemented with Grewia similis. The goats supplemented with sunflower seed cake had the lowest total DM intake.
The pattern of DM intake observed in this study showed that the leaf meals of the three browses were more preferred compared to sunflower seed cake used, indicating that the former were more palatable than the latter. This is in accordance with the feeding behaviour of goats, which prefer browse fodder trees to other feed material (Devendra, 1990).
The goats supplemented with sunflower seed cake had the lowest total DM intake. The type of supplement had significant (p<0.001) effect on hay intake, the highest intake being observed in goats which were supplemented with Grewia similis followed by those supplemented with Delonix elata while those supplemented with sunflower seed cake showed the lowest intake of hay.
This study demonstrated that the addition of Tamarindus indica, Grewia similis and Delonix elata leaf meals to Cenchrus ciliaris hay increased total dry matter intake and in vivo digestibility which eventually improved growth rates of the animals. The loss of weight by animals supplemented with sunflower seed cake indicates that some of the conventional feedstuffs used in rural areas may not yield expected results if they are not properly handled.
All the three browse species had more or less the same amounts of NDF which were higher than the value for sunflower seed cake. Total tannin concentration was highest (63.62 mg/g) for Tamarindus indica, followed by Delonix elata (44.02 mg/g) and least for Grewia similes (5.59 mg/g).
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