Kumar, Ravindra
(Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
,
Dass, R.S.
(Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
An experiment was conducted on 3 male rumen fistulated adult buffaloes fed on wheaten straw and concentrate mixture in a Latin square design to study the impact of niacin supplementation on rumen metabolites. Three animals were fed wheaten straw+concentrate mixture (group I, control), wheaten straw+...
An experiment was conducted on 3 male rumen fistulated adult buffaloes fed on wheaten straw and concentrate mixture in a Latin square design to study the impact of niacin supplementation on rumen metabolites. Three animals were fed wheaten straw+concentrate mixture (group I, control), wheaten straw+concentrate mixture+100 ppm niacin (group II), and wheaten straw +concentrate mixture+200 ppm niacin (group III). After 21 days feeding, rumen liquor was drawn for 3 consecutive days at different time intervals (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) to study the various rumen metabolites i.e., rumen pH, ammonia-N, total-N, trichloroacetic acid precipitable-N, non-protein nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, their fractions and number of protozoa. Mean pH values in strained rumen liquor (SRL) of animals in 3 groups were 6.64, 6.71 and 6.67, indicating no statistically significant difference. Results revealed a significant (p<0.01) increase in TVFA concentration among the supplemented groups (group II and III) in comparison to control group. Mean TVFA concentration (meq/dl) was 9.75, 10.97 and 11.44 in 3 groups respectively. The highest concentration of TVFA was observed at 4 h and minimum at 0 h in all the 3 groups. The percentage of acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acid was statistically similar among the three groups. The mean ammonia-N concentration (mg/dl SRL) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in group II (16.38) and group III (15.42) than group I (18.14). Ammonia-N concentration was higher (p<0.01) at 4 h as compared to all the time intervals. The mean total-N concentration (mg/dl SRL) was higher (p<0.01) in group II (74.16) and group III (75.47) as compared to group I (62.04). Total-N concentration was higher (p<0.01) at 4 h as compared to other time intervals and lowest value was recorded at 0 h.Concentration of TCA-ppt-N (mg/dl SRL) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in control group as compared to niacin supplemented groups. Mean value of NPN (mg/dl SRL) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in group III (23.21) as compared to group I (25.71), whereas groups I and II, and groups II and III were similar to each other. Total protozoa number (${\times}10^4$/ml SRL) ranged from 18.06 to 27.41 in group I, 20.89 to 38.44 in group II and 27.61 to 39.45 in group III. The mean protozoa number was significantly (p<0.01) higher in SRL of group II (27.60) and III (30.59) as compared to group I (22.48). It can be concluded from the study that supplementation of niacin in the diet of buffaloes had improved the rumen fermentation by decreasing the concentration of ammonia-N and increasing protein synthesis.
An experiment was conducted on 3 male rumen fistulated adult buffaloes fed on wheaten straw and concentrate mixture in a Latin square design to study the impact of niacin supplementation on rumen metabolites. Three animals were fed wheaten straw+concentrate mixture (group I, control), wheaten straw+concentrate mixture+100 ppm niacin (group II), and wheaten straw +concentrate mixture+200 ppm niacin (group III). After 21 days feeding, rumen liquor was drawn for 3 consecutive days at different time intervals (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) to study the various rumen metabolites i.e., rumen pH, ammonia-N, total-N, trichloroacetic acid precipitable-N, non-protein nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, their fractions and number of protozoa. Mean pH values in strained rumen liquor (SRL) of animals in 3 groups were 6.64, 6.71 and 6.67, indicating no statistically significant difference. Results revealed a significant (p<0.01) increase in TVFA concentration among the supplemented groups (group II and III) in comparison to control group. Mean TVFA concentration (meq/dl) was 9.75, 10.97 and 11.44 in 3 groups respectively. The highest concentration of TVFA was observed at 4 h and minimum at 0 h in all the 3 groups. The percentage of acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acid was statistically similar among the three groups. The mean ammonia-N concentration (mg/dl SRL) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in group II (16.38) and group III (15.42) than group I (18.14). Ammonia-N concentration was higher (p<0.01) at 4 h as compared to all the time intervals. The mean total-N concentration (mg/dl SRL) was higher (p<0.01) in group II (74.16) and group III (75.47) as compared to group I (62.04). Total-N concentration was higher (p<0.01) at 4 h as compared to other time intervals and lowest value was recorded at 0 h.Concentration of TCA-ppt-N (mg/dl SRL) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in control group as compared to niacin supplemented groups. Mean value of NPN (mg/dl SRL) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in group III (23.21) as compared to group I (25.71), whereas groups I and II, and groups II and III were similar to each other. Total protozoa number (${\times}10^4$/ml SRL) ranged from 18.06 to 27.41 in group I, 20.89 to 38.44 in group II and 27.61 to 39.45 in group III. The mean protozoa number was significantly (p<0.01) higher in SRL of group II (27.60) and III (30.59) as compared to group I (22.48). It can be concluded from the study that supplementation of niacin in the diet of buffaloes had improved the rumen fermentation by decreasing the concentration of ammonia-N and increasing protein synthesis.
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제안 방법
Water was provided twice a day. After 21 days of feeding, strained rumen liquor (SRL) was drawn from these animals for 3 consecutive days, before feeding (0 h) and at different intervals of time post- prandially (2, 4, 6 and 8 h), with the help of metallic probes, whose multiple holes were wrapped with muslin cloth and located at four different sites in the rumen. On the day of rumen liquor collection, water was provided before 0h sampling and after the final collection of rumen liquor sample.
데이터처리
The data were subjected to a test of significance between the diets and hours using two way analysis of variance techniques (Snedecor and Cochron, 1989) and means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test (Steel and Torrie, 1980).
The data were subjected to a test of significance between the diets and hours using two way analysis of variance techniques (Snedecor and Cochron, 1989) and means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test (Steel and Torrie, 1980). All this statistical analysis was done by SPSS 7.
이론/모형
Trichloro acetic acid-precipitable-nitrogen (TCA-ppt-N) was calculated by subtracting the NPN from the total-N concentration. Fractionation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was done by gas liquid chromatography (Newcon, India) as per method of Erwin et al. (1961). Total number of protozoa in the rumen liquor were counted by using a haemocytometer as described (Kamra et al.
(1991) (Table 1). Total nitrogen in SRL was analysed by micro-Kjeldahl technique (AOAC, 1995) and total volatile fatty acid as per the method of Barnett and Reid (1957). Ammonia-N and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in rumen liquor were estimated as per the method of Conway (1957) and Pearson and Smith (1943), respectively.
성능/효과
Results showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in TVFA concentration due to niacin supplementation with the mean TVFA values (mg/dl, SRL) of 9.75, 10.97 and 11.44 in three groups, respectively.
In general, pH is inversely proportional to TVFA concentration in the rumen liquor (Phillipson, 1982) and the lowest pH value observed at 4 h in all the 3 groups coincided with the maximum concentration of TVFA in the rumen liquor. Results showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in TVFA concentration due to niacin supplementation with the mean TVFA values (mg/dl, SRL) of 9.75, 10.97 and 11.44 in three groups, respectively. These results are similar to the findings of Nangia et al.
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