[논문]Influence of Urea Treatment and Soybean Meal (Urease) Addition on the Utilization of Wheat Straw by Sheep

Kraidees, M.S.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2005.957

Influence of Urea Treatment and Soybean Meal (Urease) Addition on the Utilization of Wheat Straw by Sheep 원문보기

Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, v.18 no.7, 2005년, pp.957 - 965

Kraidees, M.S. (Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, King Saud University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The effect of ammoniation with urea and with soybean meal (SBM) as a source of urease on the nutritive value of wheat straw was evaluated in sheep. Twenty-four male Najdi lambs were used in a 3${\times}$2 factorial design, in which the animals were allocated to three straw treatments: 0% urea-treated (NT), 6% urea-treated (UT) and 2.2% urea-supplemented (US) straws. Each straw treatment was either supplemented or non-supplemented with 70 g SBM $kg^{-1}$ straw during the treatment time with urea, giving a total of six straw treatments. Each of these treatments was individually fed ad libitum to 4 lambs, together with 300 g of barley grain/head/day. Total N content of UT and US straws increased significantly (p<0.001) as compared to NT straw. The degree of urea hydrolysis, either with or without SBM addition, was nearly similar. Lambs fed either UT or US straw based diets had significantly (p0.05) higher straw DM intake (g $d^{-1}$ $kg^{-1}$ $BW^{0.75}$), compared to those fed NT straw based diet. Apparent DM or OM digestibilities increased significantly (p = 0.014) in lambs fed UT diet, and numerically (p>0.05) in lambs fed US diet as compared to those fed NT diet. Fiber (CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose) digestibility increased to a similar magnitude, averaging 20.2 (p<0.001) and 7.8% (p<0.07); this corresponds to 35 (p<0.001) and 51% (p<0.001) in N digestibility and approximately 78 (p<0.017) and 105% (p<0.002) in N retention, for UT and US diets, respectively, as compared to NT diet. However, the UT diet had higher (p<0.01) fiber digestibility over the US diet. Addition of SBM tended to improve (p = 0.09) straw DM and digestible OM intakes, while significantly increasing (p<0.001) total and digestible CP intakes across all diets. Lambs fed on US diet had higher ruminal ammonia N than those fed on UT (p<0.05) or NT (p0.05) among the treatment diets. This study suggests that US and UT treatments, particularly the latter, improved straw intake, digestibility and N utilization by lambs compared to NT treatment. On the other hand, addition of SBM as a source of urease had a negligible effect on urea hydrolysis.

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

문제 정의

The author wishes to thank MR. Hassan Metwally for his great help in executing this study. Many thank for Dr.

제안 방법

The lambs were stratified according to their BW and allocated into six equal groups, offour lambs each. Each group was randomly allocated to one of the six straw based diets: NTS, NTSB, UTS, UTSB, USS and USSB, and fed ad libitum together with 300 g of rolled barley grain (RBG) and 20 g mineral/vitamin supplement to meet or exceed the maintenance requirements of the lambs. Chemical composition of experimental straws and RBG is shown in Table 1.
2% urea-supplemented [US] straws. Each straw treatment was either supplemented or non-supplemented with 70 g SBM kg-1 straw at the time of urea treatment, giving the following straw based diets: 1- non-treated wheat straw (NTS), 2- non-treated wheat straw plus SBM (NTSB), 3- urea-treated wheat straw (UTS), 4- urea plus SBM-treated wheat straw (UTSB), 5- ureasupplemented wheat straw (USS) and 6- urea plus SBMsupplemented wheat straw (USSB).
2% urea-supplemented [US] straws. Each straw treatment was either supplemented or non-supplemented with 70 g SBM kg-1 straw at the time of urea treatment, giving the following straw based diets: 1- non-treated wheat straw (NTS), 2- non-treated wheat straw plus SBM (NTSB), 3- urea-treated wheat straw (UTS), 4- urea plus SBM-treated wheat straw (UTSB), 5- ureasupplemented wheat straw (USS) and 6- urea plus SBMsupplemented wheat straw (USSB).
Twenty-four male Najdi lambs of 39 kg average body weight (BW) were used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Main factors were three straw treatments (NT, UT and US), with or without SBM addition. The lambs were stratified according to their BW and allocated into six equal groups, offour lambs each.
(1999). Therefore, the objective ofthe present study was to evaluate the effect of urea treated or urea supplemented wheat straw with or without the addition of soybean meal (SBM) as a source of urease on voluntary intake, nutrients digestibility, N utilization, blood and rumen fermentation parameters in Najdi ram lambs.
(1999). Therefore, the objective ofthe present study was to evaluate the effect of urea treated or urea supplemented wheat straw with or without the addition of soybean meal (SBM) as a source of urease on voluntary intake, nutrients digestibility, N utilization, blood and rumen fermentation parameters in Najdi ram lambs.

대상 데이터

The experiment was conducted in the Animal Production Department farm of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A quantity of air-dry wheat straw (900 kg) was chopped into lengths of approximately 1-3 cm.
Twenty-four male Najdi lambs of 39 kg average body weight (BW) were used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Main factors were three straw treatments (NT, UT and US), with or without SBM addition.

이론/모형

Free ammonia N concentration; water-soluble N and unhydrolysed urea were assayed according to AOAC (1990). The in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) of the straw samples was assessed by the method of Tilley and Terry (1963), as modified by Moore (1970). Digestibility of NDF was determined in vitro, where acid pepsin stage was replaced by a NDF determination.
Free ammonia N concentration; water-soluble N and unhydrolysed urea were assayed according to AOAC (1990). The in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) of the straw samples was assessed by the method of Tilley and Terry (1963), as modified by Moore (1970). Digestibility of NDF was determined in vitro, where acid pepsin stage was replaced by a NDF determination.

성능/효과

As expected, lambs fed either UT or US diet had significantly (p0.05) higher voluntary straw DM intake (g d-1 kg-1 BW0.75), respectively than those fed NT diet, the increases being 24.4 and 13.4% for UT and US straws over NT straw (Table 4). Though lambs fed UT diet had numerically 9.

참고문헌 (33)

Ahmed, A., M. J. Khan, M. Shahjalal and K. M. S. Islam. 2002. Effects of feeding urea and soybean meal -treated rice straw on digestibility of feed nutrients and growth performance of Bull calves. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15(4):522-527.
Anon. 2002. Agriculture Statistical Year Book 14th Issue. Agriculture research and development affairs, department of economic studies and statistics, ministry of agriculture and water resources.
AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis 15th edn. Association of official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia.
Ben Salem, H., A. Nefzaoui and N. Rokbani. 1994. Upgrading of sorghum stover with anhydrous ammonia or urea treatments. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 48:15-26.
Dias-da-Silva, A. A. and F. Sundstol. 1986. Urea as a source of ammonia for improving the nutritive value of wheat straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 14:67-79.
Dias-da-Silva, A. A., A. Mascarenhas-Ferreira and V. M. Gudes-Cristina. 1988. Effects of moisture level, treatment time and soya bean meal addition on the nutritive value of urea treated maize stover. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 19:67-77.
Djajanegara, A. and P. T. Doyle. 1989. Urea supplementation compared with pretreatment. 1. Effect on intake, digestion and live weight change by sheep fed a rice straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 27:17-30.
Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). Agric. Handbook 379. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC, p. 20.
Hadjipanayiotou, M. 1982. The effect of ammoniation using urea on the intake and nutritive value of chopped barley straw. Grass and Forage Sci. 37:89-93.
Hartley, R. D. and E. C. Jones. 1978. Effect of aqueous ammonia and other alkalis on the in vitro digestibility of barley straw. J. Sci. Food Agric. 29:92-98.
Herrera-Saldana, R., D. C. Church and R. O. Kellems. 1982. The effect of ammoniation treatment on intake and nutritive value of wheat straw. J. Anim. Sci. 54(3):603-608.
Jayasuriya, M. C. N. and G. R. Pearce. 1983. The effect of urease enzyme on treatment time and the nutritive value of straw treated with ammonia as urea. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 8:271-281.
Khan, M. J., J. R. Scaife and F. D. Hovell. 1999. The effect of different sources of urease enzyme on the nutritive value of wheat straw treated with urea as a source of ammonia. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12:1063-1069.
Kraidees, M. S. 1997. Effects of temperature, addition of soybean meal and treatment period on the nutritive value of urea treated wheat straw. J. King Saud Univ., Agric. Sci. 9(1):73-86.
Kraiem, K., H. Abdouli and R. D. Goodrich. 1991. Comparison of the effects of urea and ammonia treatments of wheat straw on intake, digestibility and performance of sheep. Livest. Produc. Sci. 29:311-321.
Maeng, W. J., C. J. van Nevel, R. L. Baldwin and J. C. Morris. 1976. Rumen microbial growth rates and yields: effects of amino acids and protein. J. Dairy Sci. 59:68-79.
Males, J. R. and G. T. Gaskins. 1982. Growth, nitrogen retention, dry matter digestibility and ruminal characteristics associated with ammoniated wheat straw diets. J. Anim. Sci. 55(3):505-515.
Manyuchi, B., S. Mikayiri and T. Smith. 1994. Effect of treating or supplementing maize stover with urea on its utilization as feed for sheep and cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. and Technol. 49:11-23.
Mgheni Dyness, M., A. E. Kimambo, F. Sundstol and J. Maden. 1993. Influence of urea treatment or supplementation on degradation, intake and growth performance of goat fed rice straw diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 44:209-220.
Mgheni Dyness, M., A. E. Kimambo, F. Sundstol and J. Maden. 1994. The influence of urea supplementation or treatment of rice straw and fish meal supplementation on rumen environment and activity in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 49:223-235.
Moore, J. E. 1970. In vitro dry matter and organic matter digestion. In: (Ed. L. E. Haris) Nutrition Research Techniques for domestic and wild animals. pp. 5001-5001:5. Loran E. Haris. Logan, UT.
Mould, F. L., E. R. Orskov and S. O. Mann. 1983. Associative effects of mixed feeds. I. Effect of type and level of supplementation on the influence of the rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:15-30.
Nair, P. V., A. K. Verma, R. S. Dass and U. R. Mehra. 2002. Growth and nutrient utilization in buffalo calves fed ureaammoniated wheat straw and hydrochloric acid plus urea treated wheat straw. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15(5):682-686.

원문보기 상세보기
Naik, P. K., S. K. Mendiratta, V. Laxmanan, Usha R. Mehra and R. S. Dass. 2004. Effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without hydrochloric acid on meat quality and various sensory attributes of growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(4):485-490.
Oji, U. I., D. N. Mowat and J. G. Buchanan-Smith. 1979. Nutritive value of thermo-ammoniated and steam-treated maize stover II. Rumen metabolites and rate of passage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 4:187-197.
SAS Institute Inc. 1998. SAS/STAT User's Guide: SAS institute. Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
Satter, L. D. and L. L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32:199-208.
Solaiman, S. G., G. W. Horn and F. N. Owens. 1979. Ammonium hydroxide treatment on wheat straw. J. Anim. Sci. 49(3):802-808.
Streeter, C. L. and G. W. Horn. 1984. Effect of high moisture and dry ammoniation of wheat straw on its feeding value for lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 59(3):559-565.
Tilly, J. M. A. and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18:104-111.
Tuen, A. A., M. M. Dahan, B. A. Young and P. Vijchulata. 1991. Intake and digestion of urea -treated, urea supplemented and untreated rice straw by goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 32:333-340.
Williams, P. E. V., G. M. Innes and A. Brewer. 1984. Ammonia treatment of straw via the hydrolysis of urea. II. Addition of soya bean (urease), sodium hydroxide and molasses, effects on the digestibility of urea-treated straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 11:115-124.
Zorrilla-Rios, J., G. W. Horn and R. W. McNew, 1989. Effect of ammoniation and energy supplementation on the utilization of wheat straw by sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 22:305-320.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증