To examine the combined effects of a high-protein diet and aerobic exercise on body weight and composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight women, 30 young women were recruited and placed into three groups: The high-protein diet and exercise group (HPE), the exercise-only group (EXO) and the c...
To examine the combined effects of a high-protein diet and aerobic exercise on body weight and composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight women, 30 young women were recruited and placed into three groups: The high-protein diet and exercise group (HPE), the exercise-only group (EXO) and the control group (CON) (30$\pm$3%, 27$\pm$2%, and 29$\pm$3% body fat, respectively) for an 8-week experimental period. Daily diet included 25% isolated soybean protein (>90% protein, approximately 400 kcal) combined with each subject s usual diet for the HPE group. The exercise program consisted of aerobic-type exercises undertaken >3 times/wk and for>30 min/session at 50-60% of maximal capacity. Physical fitness, body composition, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glucose were measured before and after the experiment. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by the end of experiment in both the HPE (from 27.2$\pm$3.5 to 35.l$\pm$5.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.01) and EXO (from 30.3$\pm$5.4 to 33.8$\pm$3.8 mㅣ/kg/min, p<0.05) groups. Percent body fat decreased by 3.3% (p<0.01) in the HPE group and by 1.5% (p<0.05) in the EXO group by the end of the experiment, but not in the CON group. Lower back strength and agility increased only in the HPE group. In the HPE group, TC decreased from 168$\pm$20 to 155$\pm$18 mg/dL and HDL-C increased from 57$\pm$l0 to 61$\pm$9 mg/dL in HPE (p<0.01). But TC and HDL-C did not change in the EXO and CON groups. TG and glucose did not vary among the groups. Although the EXO group showed a similar outcome to that of the HPE group, a favorable change in body composition and blood lipids as well as an improvement in aerobic capacity was more marginal in the latter group.
To examine the combined effects of a high-protein diet and aerobic exercise on body weight and composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight women, 30 young women were recruited and placed into three groups: The high-protein diet and exercise group (HPE), the exercise-only group (EXO) and the control group (CON) (30$\pm$3%, 27$\pm$2%, and 29$\pm$3% body fat, respectively) for an 8-week experimental period. Daily diet included 25% isolated soybean protein (>90% protein, approximately 400 kcal) combined with each subject s usual diet for the HPE group. The exercise program consisted of aerobic-type exercises undertaken >3 times/wk and for>30 min/session at 50-60% of maximal capacity. Physical fitness, body composition, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glucose were measured before and after the experiment. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by the end of experiment in both the HPE (from 27.2$\pm$3.5 to 35.l$\pm$5.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.01) and EXO (from 30.3$\pm$5.4 to 33.8$\pm$3.8 mㅣ/kg/min, p<0.05) groups. Percent body fat decreased by 3.3% (p<0.01) in the HPE group and by 1.5% (p<0.05) in the EXO group by the end of the experiment, but not in the CON group. Lower back strength and agility increased only in the HPE group. In the HPE group, TC decreased from 168$\pm$20 to 155$\pm$18 mg/dL and HDL-C increased from 57$\pm$l0 to 61$\pm$9 mg/dL in HPE (p<0.01). But TC and HDL-C did not change in the EXO and CON groups. TG and glucose did not vary among the groups. Although the EXO group showed a similar outcome to that of the HPE group, a favorable change in body composition and blood lipids as well as an improvement in aerobic capacity was more marginal in the latter group.
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제안 방법
A unique aspect of this study was the adaptation of usual energy intake for each subject solely through the modification of the protein content in her diet. High- protein diets have been criticized since changes in protein intake may simply reduce overall energy intake, thus causing weight reduction.
The exercise and high protein consumption programs lasted for 8 weeks for the HPE and EXO subjects. Before beginning the program, baseline tests including body composition, physical fitness tests and blood lipid parameters were conducted. The same tests were conducted at the end of the program.
Body weight and height were measured on a digital balance with the subjects in minimal clothing (150A CAS, Korea) using a digital scale (DT-102, Jenix, Korea). Body mass index was calculated as weight/height2.
The exercise program was undertaken >3 times/wk and for >30 min/session at an intensity of 50-60% of individual maximal heart rate (HR). During each exercise session, each subject's HR was monitored by Polar HR monitor (CE0537, Polar, Finland) and the exercise intensity was readjusted in the 4th week of the program according to the subject's HR responses. Subjects participated in aerobic types of exercise including fast walking, jogging, running and stationary biking.
Percent body fat was estimated by bio-impedance (GIF- 891DX, Gilwoo, Korea). Skinfold thickness in mm was taken using a skinfold caliper (Jamar, Japan) at nine sites: Chest, subscapular, side, suprailium, abdomen, triceps, biceps, thigh and calf and mean skinfold thickness was calculated as summation of the nine values divided by nine.
A total of 30 women who met the criteria for this study were recruited. The selection criteria were 20-30 yrs, 그25 % body fat content, no involvement in regular exercise and diet programs in the 6 months prior to this study, no abrupt weight reductions in the past three months, no reported medical and health problems, and no known metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A detailed experimental procedure was outlined to each subject and a written informed consent was obtained.
대상 데이터
A total of 30 women who met the criteria for this study were recruited. The selection criteria were 20-30 yrs, 그25 % body fat content, no involvement in regular exercise and diet programs in the 6 months prior to this study, no abrupt weight reductions in the past three months, no reported medical and health problems, and no known metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
데이터처리
Each variable was expressed as mean and standard deviation. To compare groups and testing periods, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed. Two-way ANOVA was also employed to analyze blood variables.
이론/모형
) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald's formula. Dietary composition and caloric intake were evaluated using computerized nutritional analysis software (CAN-pro 2.
Two-way ANOVA was also employed to analyze blood variables. When a significant F ratio was found, Student- Newman-Kuels Multiple Range Test was employed for further analyses. One-way ANOVA was utilized when appropriate.
성능/효과
After the 8-week exercise program, no changes in any fitness parameters were observed except agility (Table 3). Subjects in the HPE and EXO groups showed an improved agility score in the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment, and these were higher than the corresponding values for the CON group (p<0.05).
There was no difference in mean arterial pressure and resting HR among the groups and testing periods. The maximal aerobic capacity estimated by oxygen consumption rose in both the 4th and 8th weeks in the HPE group, and in the 8th week in the EXO group compared to the respective baselines (p<0.05). However, no changes were noticed in the CON group.
") have shown that increased energy expenditure through exercise alone with energy intake remaining constant resulted in weight loss that was comparable to that derived from the equivalent amount of caloric deficit by energy intake. The results of the present study were consistent with that result since subjects in the high-protein diet and exercise group as well as those in the exercise-only group lost weight. Those in the control group did not.
While no changes were noticed in % body fat in the CON group throughout the experiment, that in the HPE and EXO groups decreased by 33+2.1% and 1.5 + 1.6% by the end of the experiment (p<0.05). By that time, % body fat was lower in the EXO group than in the CON group (p<0.
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