최근의 지구온난화현상은 급진전하고 있으며 산림생태계에도 많은 영향을 미쳐 온 것으로 보인다. 지난 세기에 지구온난화와 함께 생물들의 생물계절, 종 분포범위 이동 및 급작스런 기상재해 등에 있어 분명한 변화가 있었다. 우리나라 산림은 주로 온대림지역에 위치하고 있으면서 잎과 꽃의 시기의 변화, 자연재해 및 산림생산성의 변화 등을 포함하여 기후변화의 영향을 받아왔다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 기후변화의 영향을 가늠하고 적응전략 수립에 필수적이라 할 수 있는 산림생태계의 영향에 관한 연구가 매우 미흡하였다. 아울러 산림생태계 프로세스에 대한 기초적이고 장기적인 자료도 부족하다. 우리나라 산림생태계 연구에 있어 하나의 장애물로 작용하였던 복잡한 지형조건을 가진 산림생태적 특성을 고려하여 주의 깊게 자료를 수집하고 생태계프로세스 모델을 개발하여야 할 것이다. 우리나라에서 산림생태계에 대하여 산림동태, 물과 탄소의 순환 및 플럭스 그리고 시공간적 동태모델링 등에 대한 통합적 연구를 소개하고 우리나라에서의 지구온난화에 따른 산림생태계의 영향에 대한 연구현황을 고찰하였다. 역동적으로 변화하는 탄소저장고로서의 산림생태계의 중요성과 임업활동에 대하여 논의하고 우리나라에서의 향후 연구방향과 영향평가 및 적응조치 수립을 위한 산림관리 옵션과 과제를 제시하였다.
최근의 지구온난화현상은 급진전하고 있으며 산림생태계에도 많은 영향을 미쳐 온 것으로 보인다. 지난 세기에 지구온난화와 함께 생물들의 생물계절, 종 분포범위 이동 및 급작스런 기상재해 등에 있어 분명한 변화가 있었다. 우리나라 산림은 주로 온대림지역에 위치하고 있으면서 잎과 꽃의 시기의 변화, 자연재해 및 산림생산성의 변화 등을 포함하여 기후변화의 영향을 받아왔다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 기후변화의 영향을 가늠하고 적응전략 수립에 필수적이라 할 수 있는 산림생태계의 영향에 관한 연구가 매우 미흡하였다. 아울러 산림생태계 프로세스에 대한 기초적이고 장기적인 자료도 부족하다. 우리나라 산림생태계 연구에 있어 하나의 장애물로 작용하였던 복잡한 지형조건을 가진 산림생태적 특성을 고려하여 주의 깊게 자료를 수집하고 생태계프로세스 모델을 개발하여야 할 것이다. 우리나라에서 산림생태계에 대하여 산림동태, 물과 탄소의 순환 및 플럭스 그리고 시공간적 동태모델링 등에 대한 통합적 연구를 소개하고 우리나라에서의 지구온난화에 따른 산림생태계의 영향에 대한 연구현황을 고찰하였다. 역동적으로 변화하는 탄소저장고로서의 산림생태계의 중요성과 임업활동에 대하여 논의하고 우리나라에서의 향후 연구방향과 영향평가 및 적응조치 수립을 위한 산림관리 옵션과 과제를 제시하였다.
Recent global warming seems to be dramatic and has influenced forest ecosystems. Changes in phonology of biota, species distribution range shift and catastrophic climatic disasters due to recent global warming have been observed during the last century. Korean forests located mainly in the temperate...
Recent global warming seems to be dramatic and has influenced forest ecosystems. Changes in phonology of biota, species distribution range shift and catastrophic climatic disasters due to recent global warming have been observed during the last century. Korean forests located mainly in the temperate zone also have been experienced climatic change impacts including shifting of leafing and flowering phonology, changes in natural disasters and forest productivity, However, little research has been conducted on the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems in Korea which is essential to assess the impact and extent of adaptation. Also there is a shortage in basic long-term data of forest ecosystem processes. Careful data collection and ecological process modeling should be focused on characteristic Korean forest ecosystems which are largely complex terrain that might have hindered research activities. An integrative ecosystem study which covers forest dynamics, biological diversity, water and carbon flux and cycles in a forest ecosystem and spatial and temporal dynamics modeling is introduced. Global warming effects on Korean forest ecosystems are reviewed. Forestry activity and the importance of forest ecosystems as a dynamic carbon reservoir are discussed. Forest management options and challenges for future research, impact assessment, and preparation of mitigating measures in Korea are proposed.
Recent global warming seems to be dramatic and has influenced forest ecosystems. Changes in phonology of biota, species distribution range shift and catastrophic climatic disasters due to recent global warming have been observed during the last century. Korean forests located mainly in the temperate zone also have been experienced climatic change impacts including shifting of leafing and flowering phonology, changes in natural disasters and forest productivity, However, little research has been conducted on the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems in Korea which is essential to assess the impact and extent of adaptation. Also there is a shortage in basic long-term data of forest ecosystem processes. Careful data collection and ecological process modeling should be focused on characteristic Korean forest ecosystems which are largely complex terrain that might have hindered research activities. An integrative ecosystem study which covers forest dynamics, biological diversity, water and carbon flux and cycles in a forest ecosystem and spatial and temporal dynamics modeling is introduced. Global warming effects on Korean forest ecosystems are reviewed. Forestry activity and the importance of forest ecosystems as a dynamic carbon reservoir are discussed. Forest management options and challenges for future research, impact assessment, and preparation of mitigating measures in Korea are proposed.
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문제 정의
Kong (2005) suggested some plant species vulnerable to glo-bal warming using a climatic indicator of high summer temperature in Korea. The author mentioned the further research on bioclimatic ranges and adaptation abilities of plant species would be required to assess the possible impacts of climatic warming.
This paper discusses general aspects of the observed and predicted impacts of global warming on forest ecosystems, the role of forest ecosystems on the global carbon cycle, forest and forestry-related options, proposed Korean forest policies and research programs, and future challenges.
제안 방법
Through the integrated research at the Supersite a database management system is under construction for above- and below-ground measurements, flux data and GIS/RS data. Furthermore, effort will be given to understanding the mechanisms and processes in forest ecosystems to estimate parameters precisely and to develop models for estimation of CO2 and H2O dynamics in a forested complex terrain. Spatial and temporal up-scaling of the results is being conducted using various techniques including stable isotopes and GIS/RS- based ecosystem modeling.
This included the construction of one more flux tower (the second tower, ST) to better capture the heterogeneities of the site of complex terrain and to supplement the measurement at the main tower (MT). Researchers with widely varying expertise joined the projects including GIS/RS, soil sciences, forest hydrology, forest ecology and dynamics, stable isotopes, and ecosystem modeling. This represents the begging of true inter-disciplinary research at Gwangneung forest and therefore the site was designated as a 'Supersite5 that became the center of three main research projects; 1) Long-term forest ecosystem studies (KFRI, 1997-present), 2) CarboKorea (an Eco- technopia project funded by Ministry of Environment, 2004-present), 3) HydroKorea (an 21st Century Frontier Research Program funded by Sustainable Water Resources Research Center, 2004-present).
Even in the broad-leaved deciduous forest, the species composition and biomass amount are spatially heterogeneous mainly due to the topographic position which creates differences in light conditions and soil moisture regimes. Therefore, we made several eco-plots of different forest types, and conducted research to estimate and model parameters such as the spatial distribution of LAI, biomass and carbon pools, soil moisture gradients, etc. We have monitored the changes of forest ecosystem elements including forest stand dynamics, biological diversity (including plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, fungi), soil texture and properties, litter fall and decomposition rates of leaves and woody debris, monthly pH of rain and SO2 and NO2 concentration in the air (Oh et al.
대상 데이터
; vacuum pump, KNF Neuberger) were installed on both towers measuring concentrations at 8 different levels. Net radiometers (CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen) and quantum sensors (Ll- 190SA, LI-COR Inc.) were installed at the towers. Soil heat flux plates (HFT, Campbell Scientific Inc.
The Gwangneung Supersite is located at the north of Seoul, Korea on valley-like terrain with a slope of around 10%. The major forest type is a natural broadleaved forest of the cool-temperate forest zone.
성능/효과
biomass were simulated for central cool-temperate forest zone in Korea. It was predicted that biomass production would be increased and Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica would be replaced with Q. serrata, Carpinus laxiflora and C. tchonoskii in a 1℃ warmer climate. However, biomass production would be decreased in a 2℃ warmer climate (Fig.
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