[논문]PbSCC of Ni-base Alloys in PbO-added Pure Water

Kim, Joung Soo; Yi, Yong-Sun; Kwon, Oh Chul; Kim, Hong Pyo

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The effect of annealing on the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Mg alloy (AA5052) processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated by electrochemical techniques in a solution containing 0.2 mol/L of $AlCl_3$ and also by surface analysis. The Al-Mg alloy was a...

The effect of annealing on the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Mg alloy (AA5052) processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated by electrochemical techniques in a solution containing 0.2 mol/L of $AlCl_3$ and also by surface analysis. The Al-Mg alloy was annealed at a fixed temperature between 473 and 573 K for 120 min in air after ECAP. Anodizing was conducted for 40 min at $100-400A/m^2$ at 293 K in a solution containing 1.53 mol/L of $H_2SO_4$ and 0.0185 mol/L of $Al_2(SO_4)_3$. The internal stress generated in anodic oxide films during anodization was measured with a strain gauge to clarify the effect of ECAP on the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Mg alloy. The time required to initiate the pitting corrosion of anodized Al-Mg alloy was shorter in samples subjected to ECAP, indicating that ECAP decreased the pitting corrosion resistance. However, the pitting corrosion resistance was greatly improved by annealing after ECAP. The time required to initiate pitting corrosion increased with increasing annealing temperature. The strain gauge attached to Al-Mg alloy revealed that the internal stress present in the anodic oxide films was compressive stress, and that the stress was larger with ECAP than without. The compressive internal stress gradually decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cracks occurred in the anodic oxide film on Al-Mg alloy during initial corrosion and that the cracks were larger with ECAP than without. The ECAP process of severe plastic deformation produces large internal stresses in the Al-Mg alloy; the stresses remain in the anodic oxide films, increasingthe likelihood of cracks. It is assumed that the pitting corrosion is promoted by these cracks as a result of the higher internal stress resulting from ECAP. The improvement in the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized AlMg alloy as a result of annealing appears to be attributable to a decrease in the internal stresses in anodic oxide films

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제안 방법

In order to evaluate the performance of the SCC inhibitor, NiB, SSRT tests were performed with the Alloy 600 HTMA specimens in a 10, 000 ppm PbO-containing water solution with NiB of 2 g/l or 4 g/l at 315℃. As shown in Fig.
Surfaces in the gage section and the fracture surfaces after the SSRT tests were examined with an scanning electron microscope(SEM). From the observations with SEM, the morphology and the cracked areas were determined.

대상 데이터

A 19.05 mm OD Alloy 600 HTMA SG tubing material was used for the investigation (19.05mm inner diameter and 1.09 mm wall Inco/Valinox heat number NX8524). The chemical composition is given in Table 1.

이론/모형

to occur. Pure water and pure water containing PbO were used to evaluate the effect of Pb only on the susceptibility of the Alloy 600 to SCC by using the SSRT method. Nickel boride (NiB) was previously developed as an SCC inhibitor by the authors at KAERI.

성능/효과

3) The susceptibility of Alloy 600 HTMA to PbSCC in the pure water containing 10, 000 ppm PbO could be reduced (inhibited partially) by adding NiB into the solution. The addition of NiB into the solutions did not change the cracking mode.
As shown in Fig. 1, elongations of the test specimens increased from 37.0% to 41.8% with an increase of the added NiB from 2 g/l to 4 g/l, while the UTS showed not much difference when compared with the specimen tested in the water containing PbO without NiB. Stress corrosion cracking mode observed with SEM was the same as that obtained in the test condition without NiB, which is mostly TGSCC(IGSCC in minority).
From these observations, it can be concluded that NiB acts as an inhibitor for PbSCC of Alloy 600 HTMA in the water containing 10, 000 ppm PbO. The SSRT test results obtained in the pure water with/without additives for Alloy 600 HTMA are summarized in Table 2.
3b. TGSCC ratio (ASCC/Atotal), 6) the fraction of SCC area to the total fracture surface which is used to quantify the degree of TGSCC, was about 83%, while that for the specimen tested in the pure water without PbO was 0%. It has been reported8) that Alloy 600 LTMA (low temperature mill annealed) tested in a liquid lead at 350℃ under a strain rate of 10-7 s-1 cracked in the IG mode, while in pure water TGSCC occurred with intergranular attack(IGA) formed on the side surface of the specimen.

참고문헌 (10)

J. Benson, Steam Generator Progress Report, Rev. 14, EPRI Report TE-106365-R14 (Palo Alto, CA, EPRI, 1999)
D.R. Diercks, W.J. Shack, and J. Muscara, (1999), Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 194, pp. 19-30

상세보기
R,W, Staehle, Asseeement of and Proposal for a Mechanistic Interpretation of the SCC of High Nickel Alloys in Lead-containing Environments. in Proc. of 11th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Metals in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, Stevenson, Washington, Aug. 10-14, p. 381 (2003)
H. Takamatsu, T. Matsunaga, B.P. Miglin, J.M. Saver, P.A. Sherburne, K. Aoki, and T. Sakai, Study of Lead-induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steam Generator Tubing under AVT Water Chemistry Conditions. in Proc. of 8th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Metals in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, 1, 216 (1997)
Y. S. Yi et al, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 347, 151-160 (2005)

상세보기
Seizaburo Abe, Masao Kojima and Yuzo Hosoi, 'Stress Corrosion Cracking the Slow Strain Rate Technique', ASTM STP-665, p. 294, 1977
D. Feron, I. Lambert, Proceeding of 12th International Conference on Properties of Water and Steam, Sept. 12-15, Orlando, FL, USA, 1994
M. Helie, 'Lead Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloys 600, 690 and 800', Proceeding of Sixth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems？Water Reactors, San Diego, CA, August 1-5, 1993, p. 179-186
T. Yonezawa, 'A Round Robin Test on EAC Behavior of Alloy 600', ECG-EAC meeting, Toronto, 1996
T. Sakai, K. Aoki, T. Shigemitsu, and Y. Kishi, Corrosion, 48, 734 (1992)

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PbSCC of Ni-base Alloys in PbO-added Pure Water 원문보기

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PbSCC of Ni-base Alloys in PbO-added Pure Water 원문보기

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