$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Recent Korean statistics show that a Korean woman can now expect to live until her mid-80s, which implies living at least one-third of her life after menopause. The menopausal transition is typically marked by intense hormonal fluctuations, accompanied by sleep disturbance, vasomotor symptoms(e.g., ...

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper 아이콘 AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

문제 정의

  • 본 종설은 폐경기 증후군 특히 우울증에 관한 문헌들을 고찰하고 요약하여, 이의 진단 및 치료에 대한 이해를 증진시키고자 하였다. 내용의 구성은 폐경기 증후군의 전반적 증상, 폐경기 우울증의 검사 및 진단, 치료, 그리고 향후 연구 방향이다.

가설 설정

  • 홍조는 난소 부전과 에스트로겐 감소 상황에서 시상하부 온도조절 중추의 조절 곤란으로 생긴다.27) 야간 홍조와 열감은 수면 중에 짧지만 반복적인 각성과 관련이 있다.28) 그러나 수면 중단의 정도가 중요하지 않다는 연구도 있다.
본문요약 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
폐경기 증상으로 아급성 증상은 무엇이 있는가? 폐경기 증상은 그 발현 시기 및 양상에 따라 구분되어 기술된다.2) 먼저 증상이 발현되는 시기에 따라서 급성기 증상으로 정신적 증상과 불규칙한 월경, 홍조, 발한 등의 혈관 운동 증상이 있고, 아급성 증상으로 생식기 위축, 비뇨기 위축, 피부 위축 등을 보이며, 그리고 만성 증상으로 골다공증, 심혈관 질환, 치매 등이 나타난다.2) 한편 증상의 양상에 따라서는 심리 및 행동 증상으로 기분 변동, 불면증, 과민성, 긴장감, 에너지와 욕구 감소, 성욕 감퇴, 불쾌감 등이 있고, 신체 증상으로는 혈관 운동 증상과 근골격계 증상 등이 있는데, 이와 같은 심리 및 신체 증상이 동시에 나타나는 경우가 많다.
폐경이란 무엇인가? 폐경(menopause)이란 병적인 이유 없이 난소 기능이 중지된 후 12개월 이상 무월경이 지속되는 것을 말한다.1) 폐경은 정상적인 인생의 단계이나 여성들에게 큰 의미를 주는 사건으로 여겨지며 에스트로겐 감소와 관련되어 심리적, 신체적으로 다양한 변화가 일어나게 된다.
폐경기 무렵 호르몬의 변화로 겪에 되는 증상은 무엇이 있는가? 폐경기 무렵에 여성은 급격한 호르몬 변화로 인한 수면 장애, 홍조, 야간 발한, 우울증 등 다양한 폐경기 증상을 경험하게 된다. 만약 폐경기 무렵의 여성의 변화가 간과된다면, 환자는 삶의 질 저하뿐 아니라 장기간 다양한 영역에서 고통을 겪게 된다.
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

참고문헌 (80)

  1. Avis NE, McKinlay SM. A longitudinal analysis of women's attitudes toward the menopause: results from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study. Maturitas 1991;13:65-79. 

  2. Mitchell ES, Woods NF. Symptom experiences of midlife women: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Maturitas 1996;25:1-10. 

  3. Steiner M, Yonkers K. Mood disorders associated with the menopause. In: Depression in Women. London: Martin Dunitz;1998. p.48-59. 

  4. Oldenhave A, Jaszmann LJ, Haspels AA, Everaerd WT. Impact of climacteric on well-being. A survey based on 5213 women 39 to 60 years old. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:772-780. 

  5. Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, Rebar R, Santoro N, Utian W, et al. Executive summary: stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop(STRAW). Climacteric 2001;4:267-272. 

  6. McKinlay SM, Brambilla DJ, Posner JG. The normal menopause transition. Maturitas 1992;14:103-115. 

  7. Burger HG, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Groome N, Guthrie JR, Green A, et al. Prospectively measured levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and the dimeric inhibins during the menopausal transition in a population-based cohort of women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4025-4030. 

  8. Burger H, Woods NF, Dennerstein L, Alexander JL, Kotz K, Richardson G. Nomenclature and endocrinology of menopause and perimenopause. Expert Rev Neurother 2007;7:S35-S43. 

  9. Metcalf MG, Donald RA, Livesey JH. Pituitary-ovarian function in normal women during the menopausal transition. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf) 1981;14:234-255. 

  10. Schmidt PJ, Rubinow DR. Menopause-related affective disorders: a justification for further study. Am J Psychiatry1991;148:844-852. 

  11. Nelson H, Haney E, Humphrey L, Miller J, Nedrow, Nicolaidis C, et al. Management of menopause-related symptoms. Evid Rep Technol Asses(Summ) 2005;120:1-6. 

  12. Roberts RE, Vernon SW. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: its use in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:41-46. 

  13. Harlow BL, Cohen LS, Otto MW, Spiegelman D, Cramer DW. Prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms in older premenopausal women: the Harvard Study of Moods and Cylces. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:418-424. 

  14. Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Burger H, Dudley E. Mood and the menopausal transition. J Nerv Ment Dis 1999;187:685-691. 

  15. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H, Nelson DB. Associations of hormones and menopausal status with depressed mood in women with no history of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:375-382. 

  16. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Liu L, Gracia CR, Nelson DB, Hollander L. Hormones and menopausal status as predictors of depression in women in transition to menopause. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:62-70. 

  17. Harlow BL, Wise LA, Otto MW, Soares CN, Cohen LS. Depression and its influence on reproductive endocrine and menstrual cycle markers associated with perimenopause: the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:29-36. 

  18. Woods NF, Mitchell ES. Pathways to depressed mood for midlife women: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Res Nurs Health 1997;20:119-129. 

  19. Bromberger JT, Assmann SF, Avis NE, Schocken M, Kravitz HM, Cordal A. Persistent mood symptoms in a multiethnic community cohort of pre- and perimenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:347-356. 

  20. Burt VK, Hendrick VC. Perimenopuase and menopause. In: Concise Guide to Women's Mental Health. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press;1997. p.103-115. 

  21. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, Blazer DG, Nelson CB. Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. J Affect Disord 1993;29:85-96. 

  22. Joffe H, Cohen LS. Estrogen, serotonin, and mood disturbance: where is the therapeutic bridge- Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:798-811. 

  23. Richards M, Rubinow DR, Daly RC, Schmidt PJ. Premenstrual symptoms and perimenopausal depression. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:133-137. 

  24. Bromberger JT, Matthews KA. A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Psychol Aging 1996;11:207-213. 

  25. Schmidt PJ, Haq N, Rubinow DR. A longitudinal evaluation of the relationship between reproductive status and mood in perimenopausal women. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:2238-2244. 

  26. Cohen LS, Soares CN, Vitonis AF, Otto MW, Harlow BL. Risk for new onset of depression during the meno pausal transition: the Harvard Study of moods and cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:385-390. 

  27. Stearns V, Loprinzi CL. New therapeutic approaches for hot flashes in women. J Support Oncol 2003;1:11-21;discussion 14-15, 19-21. 

  28. Erlik Y, Tataryn IV, Meldrum DR, Lomax P, Bajorek JG, Judd HL. Association of waking episodes with menopausal hot flushes. JAMA 1981;245:1741-1744. 

  29. Freedman RR, Roehrs TA. Lack of sleep disturbance from menopausal hot flashes. Fertil Steril 2004;82:138-144. 

  30. Kronenberg F. Hot flashes: epidemiology and physiology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;592:52-86; discussion 123-133. 

  31. Joffe H, Hall JE, Soares CN, Hennen J, Reilly CJ, Carlson K, et al. Vasomotor symptoms are associated with depression in perimenopausal women seeking primary care. Menopause 2002;9:392-398. 

  32. Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Roca CA. Estrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulation. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:839-850. 

  33. Jaszmann L, Van Lith ND, Zaat JC. The age of menopause in the Netherlands. The statistical analysis of a survey. Int J Fertil 1969;14:106-117. 

  34. Schmidt PJ, Murphy JH, Haq N, Rubinow DR, Danaceau MA. Stressful life events, personal losses, and perimenopause-related depression. Arch Womens Ment Health 2004;7:19-26. 

  35. Dennerstein L, Dudley E, Guthrie J. Empty nest or revolving door- A prospective study of women's quality of life in midlife during the phase of children leaving and re-entering the home. Psychol Med 2002;32:545-550. 

  36. Kaufert PA, Gilbert P, Tate R. The Manitoba Project: a re-examination of the link between menopause and depression. Maturitas 1992;14:143-155. 

  37. Becker D, Lomranz J, Pines A, Shmotkin D, Nitza E, BennAmitay G, et al. Psychological distress around menopause. Psychosomatics 2001;42:252-257. 

  38. Avis NE, Brambilla D, McKinlay SM, Vass K. A longitudinal analysis of the association between menopause and depression. Results from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 1994;4:214-220. 

  39. Woods NF, Mitchell ES. Anticipating menopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Menopause 1999;6:167-173. 

  40. Joffe H, Soares CN, Cohen LS. Assessment and treatment of hot flushes and menopausal mood disturbance. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2003;26:563-580. 

  41. Morrison MF, Kallan MJ, Ten Have T, Katz I, Tweedy K, Battistini M. Lack of efficacy of estradiol for depression in postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2004;55:406-412. 

  42. Rasgon NL, Altshuler LL, Fairbanks L. Estrogen-replacement therapy for depression. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:1738. 

  43. Soares CN, Almeida OP, Joffe H, Cohen LS. Efficacy of estradiol for the treatment of depressive disorders in perimenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:529-534. 

  44. Schmidt PJ, Nieman L, Danaceau MA, Tobin MB, Roca CA, Murphy JH, et al. Estrogen replacement in perimenopause transition-related depression: a preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:414-420. 

  45. Cohen LS, Soares CN, Poitras JR, Prouty J, Alexander AB, Shifren JL. Short-term use of estradiol for depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a preliminary report. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1519-1522. 

  46. Soares CN, Poitras JR, Prouty J. Effect of reproductive hormones and selective estrogen receptor modulators on mood during menopause. Drugs Aging 2003;20:85-100. 

  47. Odmark IS, Backstrom T, Johnsson B, Bixo M. Wellbeing at onset of hormone replacement therapy: comparison between two continuous combined regimens. Climacteric 2004;7:92-102. 

  48. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-333. 

  49. Guay MP, Draqomir A Pilon D, Moride Y, Perreault S. Changes in pattern of use, clinical characteristics and persistence rate of hormone replacement therapy among postmenopausal women after WHI publication. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16:17-27. 

  50. Grady D, Ettinger B, Tosteson AN, Pressman A, Macer JL. Predictors of difficulty when discontinuing postmenopausal hormone therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:1233-1239. 

  51. Ockene JK, Barad DH, Cochrane BB, Larson JC, Gass M, Wassertheil-Smoller S, et al. Symptom experience after discontinuing use of estrogen plus progestin. JAMA 2005;294:183-193. 

  52. Soares CN, Joffe H, Viguera AC, Petrillo L, Rydzewski M, Yehezkel R, et al. Paroxetine versus placebo for women in midlife after hormone therapy discontinuation. Am J Med 2008;121:159-162. e1. 

  53. Joffe H, Groninger H, Soares CN, Nonacs R, Cohen LS. An open trial of mirtazapine in menopausal women with depression unresponsive to estrogen replacement therapy. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2001;10:999-1004. 

  54. Soares CN, Poitras JR, Prouty J, Alexander AB, Shifren JL, Cohen LS. Efficacy of citalopram as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive treatment to estrogen therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with depression and vasomotor symptoms J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:473-479. 

  55. Soares CN, Arsenio H, Joffe H, Bankier B, Cassano P, Petrillo LF, et al. Escitalopram versus ethinyl estradiol and norethidrone acetate for symptomatic peri- and postmenopausal women: impact on depression, vasomotor symptoms, sleep, and quality of life. Menopause 2006;13:780-786. 

  56. Morgan ML, Cook IA, Rapkin AJ, Leuchter AF. Estrogen augmentation of antidepressants in perimenopausal depression: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:774-780. 

  57. Dias RS, Kerr-Correa F, Moreno RA, Trinca LA, Pontes A, Halbe HW, et al. Efficacy of hormone therapy with and without methyltestosterone augmentation of venlafaxine in the treatment of postmenopausal depression: a double-blind controlled pilot study. Menopause 2006;13:202-211. 

  58. Joffe H, Soares CN, Petrillo LF, Viguera AC, Somley BL, Koch JK, et al. Treatment of depression and menopause-related symptoms with the serotonin-norepiniphrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:943-950. 

  59. Kornstein SG, Schatzberg AF, Thase ME, Yonkers KA, McCullough JP, Keitner GI, et al. Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1445-1452. 

  60. Entsuah AR, Huang H, Thase ME. Response and remission rates in different subpopulations with major depressive disorder administered venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or placebo. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:869-877. 

  61. Cassano P, Soares CN, Cusin C, Mascarini A, Cohen LS, Fava M. Antidepressant response and well-being in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women with major depressive disorder treated with fluoxetine. Psychother Psychosom 2005;74:362-365. 

  62. Worthington JJ 3rd, Peters PM. Treatment of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Drugs Today(Barc) 2003;39:887-896. 

  63. Dorsey CM, Lee KA, Scharf MB. Effect of zolpidem on sleep in women with perimenopausal and postmnopausal insomnia: a 4-week, randomized, multicenter, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther 2004;26:1578-1586. 

  64. Cheng G, Wilczek B, Warner M, Gustafsson JA, Landgren BM. Isoflavone treatment for acute menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2007:14:468-473. 

  65. Irvin JH, Domar AD, Clark C, Zuttermeister PC, Friedman R. The effects of relaxation response training on menopausal symptoms. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1996;17:202-207. 

  66. Coope J. Hormonal and non-hormonal interventions for menopausal symptoms. Maturitas 1996;3:159-168. 

  67. Bergstrom I, Landgren BM, PyykkoI. Training or EPT in perimenopause on balance and flushes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007;86:467-472. 

  68. Dennerstein L, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Guthrie JR, Burger HG. A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:351-358. 

  69. Harlow BL, Cramer DW, Annis KM. Association of medically treated depression and age at natural menopause. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:1170-1176. 

  70. Woods NF, Smith-DiJulio K, Percival DB, Tao EY, Mariella A, Mitchell S. Depressed mood during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Menopause 2008;15:223-232. 

  71. Walters V. Stress, anxiety and depression: women's accounts of their health problems. Soc Sci Med 1993;36:393-402. 

  72. Woods NF, Mitchell ES. Patterns of depressed mood in midlife women; observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Res Nurs Health 1996;19:111-123. 

  73. Matthews KA, Wing RR, Kuller LH, Meilahn EN, Kelsey SF, Costello EJ, et al. Influences of natural menopause on psychological characteristics and symptoms of middleaged healthy women. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;58:345-351. 

  74. Amick BC 3rd, Kawachi I, Coakley EH, Lerner D, Levine S, Colditz GA. Relationship of job strain and isostrain to health status in a cohort of women in the United States. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998;24:54-61. 

  75. Cheng Y, Kawachi I, Coakley EH, Schwartz J, Colditz G. Association between psychosocial work characteristics and health functioning in American women: prospective study. BMJ 2000;320:1432-1436. 

  76. Hunter M, Battersby R, Whitehead M. Relationship between psychological symptoms, somatic complaints and menopausal status. Matuitas 1986;8:217-228. 

  77. Hunter M. The south-east England longitudinal study of the climacteric and postmenopause. Maturitas 1992;14:117-126. 

  78. Dennerstein L, Burrows GD, Hyman GJ, Sharpe K. Hormone therapy and affect. Maturitas 1979;1:247-259. 

  79. Baker A, Simpson S, Dawson D. Sleep disruption and mood changes associated with menopause. J Psychosom Res 1997;43:359-369. 

  80. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Grisso JA, Battistini M, Garcia-Espagna B, Hollander L. Hot flashes in the late reproductive years: risk factors for Africa American and Caucasian women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2001;10:67-76. 

저자의 다른 논문 :

LOADING...

관련 콘텐츠

섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로