중등도 결핵 유병률 지역에서 결핵성흉막염 진단에 있어 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비의 유용성 Usefulness of the Pleural Fluid Adenosine Deaminase with Lymphocyte/Neutrophil Ratio in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleurisy for a Region of Intermediate Prevalence of Tuberculosis원문보기
연구배경: 결핵성 흉막염의 진단에 있어 여러 보조 지표들이 이용되고 있으나 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소만큼 시행이 용이하고 저렴하면서 높은 특이도를 보이는 검사법은 없는 실정이다. 하지만 위양성이 문제가 될 수 있으며, 질병의 유병률에 따라 진단율이 좌우될 수 있다. 본 연구는 중등도 결핵 유병률을 보이는 지역에서 결핵성 흉막염의 진단에 있어 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비의 유용성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 방 법: 흉수천자에서 삼출성 흉수가 확인된 총 388명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들을 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소 활성도 및 림프구/호중구 비에 따라 구분한 후 최종 진단 결과와 비교 분석하는 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결 과: 388명 중 108명의 환자가 결핵성 흉막염으로 진단되었다. 그 중 102명에서 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소 활성도가 40 IU/L 이상이었다. 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 기준을 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소 40 IU/L 이상으로 하였을 때 민감도는 94.4%, 특이도는 87.5%였으며, 사후확률은 74.5%였다. 하지만 흉수 림프구/호중구 비 0.75 이상을 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 기준으로 함께 고려하였을 때 특이도와 사후확률은 각각 97.5%, 93%로 현저히 증가하였으며, 양성우도비도 39.5로 높게 나타났다. 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비가 높았던 다른 원인으로는 림프종, 전이암종이 있었으며, 이들의 경우 흉부단순촬영이나 CT에서 종괴형 병변을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결 론: 중등도 결핵 유병률을 보이는 지역에서 삼출성 흉수의 원인을 평가하는데 있어 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비를 우선 측정하고, 그 결과가 높고 임상적, 방사선학적으로 종양이 의심되지 않는다면 결핵성 흉막염으로 진단할 수 있겠다.
연구배경: 결핵성 흉막염의 진단에 있어 여러 보조 지표들이 이용되고 있으나 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소만큼 시행이 용이하고 저렴하면서 높은 특이도를 보이는 검사법은 없는 실정이다. 하지만 위양성이 문제가 될 수 있으며, 질병의 유병률에 따라 진단율이 좌우될 수 있다. 본 연구는 중등도 결핵 유병률을 보이는 지역에서 결핵성 흉막염의 진단에 있어 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비의 유용성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 방 법: 흉수천자에서 삼출성 흉수가 확인된 총 388명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들을 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소 활성도 및 림프구/호중구 비에 따라 구분한 후 최종 진단 결과와 비교 분석하는 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결 과: 388명 중 108명의 환자가 결핵성 흉막염으로 진단되었다. 그 중 102명에서 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소 활성도가 40 IU/L 이상이었다. 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 기준을 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소 40 IU/L 이상으로 하였을 때 민감도는 94.4%, 특이도는 87.5%였으며, 사후확률은 74.5%였다. 하지만 흉수 림프구/호중구 비 0.75 이상을 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 기준으로 함께 고려하였을 때 특이도와 사후확률은 각각 97.5%, 93%로 현저히 증가하였으며, 양성우도비도 39.5로 높게 나타났다. 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비가 높았던 다른 원인으로는 림프종, 전이암종이 있었으며, 이들의 경우 흉부단순촬영이나 CT에서 종괴형 병변을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결 론: 중등도 결핵 유병률을 보이는 지역에서 삼출성 흉수의 원인을 평가하는데 있어 흉수 아데노신 탈아미노효소와 림프구/호중구 비를 우선 측정하고, 그 결과가 높고 임상적, 방사선학적으로 종양이 의심되지 않는다면 결핵성 흉막염으로 진단할 수 있겠다.
Background: The aim of this study was to consider the significance of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity combined with lymphocyte/neutrophil (L/N) ratio in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBpl) in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We collected da...
Background: The aim of this study was to consider the significance of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity combined with lymphocyte/neutrophil (L/N) ratio in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBpl) in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We collected data from 388 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The final diagnoses were compared to the results from our diagnostic method using pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio. Results: 108 patients had a final diagnosis of TBpl; 102 cases had high levels of ADA ($\geq$40 IU/L). When we considered ADA $\geq$40 IU/L as a diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity was 94.4%, specificity 87.5%, and posttest posttest probability 74.5%. However, when we considered ADA $\geq$40 IU/L combined with the L/N ratio $\geq$0.75 as a diagnostic criterion, the specificity and post-test probability were rose to 97.5% and 93%, respectively. The other causes of high ADA and L/N ratios were lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma, but mass-like lesions were found on the chest radiographs or CT scans. Conclusion: To evaluate the causes of exudative pleural effusions in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis, we recommend measuring the pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio first. If the result is high and malignancies are not suspected, it may be diagnostic of TBpl.
Background: The aim of this study was to consider the significance of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity combined with lymphocyte/neutrophil (L/N) ratio in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBpl) in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We collected data from 388 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The final diagnoses were compared to the results from our diagnostic method using pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio. Results: 108 patients had a final diagnosis of TBpl; 102 cases had high levels of ADA ($\geq$40 IU/L). When we considered ADA $\geq$40 IU/L as a diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity was 94.4%, specificity 87.5%, and posttest posttest probability 74.5%. However, when we considered ADA $\geq$40 IU/L combined with the L/N ratio $\geq$0.75 as a diagnostic criterion, the specificity and post-test probability were rose to 97.5% and 93%, respectively. The other causes of high ADA and L/N ratios were lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma, but mass-like lesions were found on the chest radiographs or CT scans. Conclusion: To evaluate the causes of exudative pleural effusions in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis, we recommend measuring the pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio first. If the result is high and malignancies are not suspected, it may be diagnostic of TBpl.
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문제 정의
Background: The aim of this study was to consider the significance of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity combined with lymphocyte/neutrophil (L/N) ratio in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBpl) in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis (TB).
가설 설정
Methods: We collected data from 388 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The final diagnoses were compared to the results from our diagnostic method using pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio.
제안 방법
Methods: We collected data from 388 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The final diagnoses were compared to the results from our diagnostic method using pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio.
데이터처리
We used Independent Samples T-test to compare differences. Correlations were quantified by means of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Differences were considered significant at p＜0.
성능/효과
Because we considered ADA ≥40 IU/L combined with the L/N ratio ≥0.75 as diagnostic criteria, specificity and post-test probability were exceedingly high, and the positive likelihood ratio was even higher at 35.9.
Concerning the method of diagnosis, M. tuberculosis was identified in pleural fluid by culture or PCR in 4 cases, granulomas were found in pleural biopsy tissue in 56 cases, sputum culture or PCR were positive in 26 cases, and the other 22 cases were clinically suspected and improved by antituberculous therapy.
Conclusion: To evaluate the causes of exudative pleural effusions in a region of intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis, we recommend measuring the pleural fluid ADA and L/N ratio first. If the result is high and malignancies are not suspected, it may be diagnostic of TBpl.
In this study, the other causes of exudative pleural effusions with elevated ADA were empyema, parapneumonic effusion, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, liver abscess, bacterial endocarditis, inflammatory pseudotumor, and liver cirrhosis, and when combined with the L/N ratio, the causes related to bacterial infection were completely excluded.
Results: 108 patients had a final diagnosis of TBpl; 102 cases had high levels of ADA (≥40 IU/L).
Using the criterion of ADA activity ≥45 IU/L, the sensitivity fell slightly to 93.5%, and negative predictive value was much the same, but specificity and post-test probability increased to 90% and 78.3%, respectively.
When we regarded pleural fluid ADA activity ≥40 IU/L as a diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity was 94.4%, specificity 87.5%, negative predictive value 97.6%, and post-test probability 74.5%.
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