Atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations have increased exponentially over the last century and, if continued, are expected to have significant effects on plants and soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on the growth of Pinus densiflora seedling and micr...
Atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations have increased exponentially over the last century and, if continued, are expected to have significant effects on plants and soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on the growth of Pinus densiflora seedling and microbial activity in soil. Three-year-old pine seedlings were exposed to ambient as well as elevated levels of $CO_2$ (380 and 760 ppmv, respectively). Growth rates and C:N ratios of the pine seedlings were also determined. Dissolved organic carbon content, phenolic compound content, and microbial activity were measured in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil. The results show that elevated $CO_2$ significantly increased the root dry weight of pine seedling. In addition, overall N content decreased, which increased the C:N ratio in pine needles. Elevated $CO_2$ decreased soil moisture, nitrate concentration, and the concentration of soil phenolic compounds. In contrast, soil enzymatic activities were increased in rhizosphere soil, including ${\beta}$-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and phosphatase enzyme activities. In conclusion, elevated $CO_2$ concentrations caused distinct changes in soil chemistry and microbiology.
Atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations have increased exponentially over the last century and, if continued, are expected to have significant effects on plants and soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on the growth of Pinus densiflora seedling and microbial activity in soil. Three-year-old pine seedlings were exposed to ambient as well as elevated levels of $CO_2$ (380 and 760 ppmv, respectively). Growth rates and C:N ratios of the pine seedlings were also determined. Dissolved organic carbon content, phenolic compound content, and microbial activity were measured in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil. The results show that elevated $CO_2$ significantly increased the root dry weight of pine seedling. In addition, overall N content decreased, which increased the C:N ratio in pine needles. Elevated $CO_2$ decreased soil moisture, nitrate concentration, and the concentration of soil phenolic compounds. In contrast, soil enzymatic activities were increased in rhizosphere soil, including ${\beta}$-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and phosphatase enzyme activities. In conclusion, elevated $CO_2$ concentrations caused distinct changes in soil chemistry and microbiology.
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문제 정의
The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth of pine seedling as well as soil microbial activity in response to elevated CO2 in a growth chamber. We report on the impact of increased CO2 on the root and shoot growth, biomass (dry weight) and C:N ratio of Pinus densiflora, emphasizing the interdependency of soil chemistry and microbiology, soil moisture and plant growth.
제안 방법
In this study, changes in the level of nitrogen in soil could explain the effects of elevated CO2 on microbial activities and pine seedling growth. However, as our work is limited to the growth chamber, further investigation is needed study.
The pine seedlings were planted in a growth chamber at 25℃ and 60% humidity, and were subjected to a 16 h light/8 h dark cycle. Shoot, root length, and biomass (dryweight) were measured every four months. All tests were performed in triplicate.
대상 데이터
Shoot, root length, and biomass (dryweight) were measured every four months. All tests were performed in triplicate. Percent dry weight of N and C content were estimated from leaf and root powder using a Flash EA 1112 Analyzer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA).
Natural soil was sampled from the pine forest on the Ewha Woman’s University campus in Seoul, Korea.
Natural soil was sampled from the pine forest on the Ewha Woman’s University campus in Seoul, Korea. Soil samples (1 kg/pot, diameter 10 cm) were used for the planting of three-year-old pine seedlings (P. densiflora), which were obtained from the Korean forest service. The plants were incubated for 12 months in growth chambers (Dasol scientific Co.
데이터처리
Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS ver. 9.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Tukey’s test after one-way ANOVA was used to determine significance differences in soil parameters and soil enzyme activities in each sample.
Tukey’s test after one-way ANOVA was used to determine significance differences in soil parameters and soil enzyme activities in each sample.
이론/모형
Soil moisture was determined gravimetrically by drying at 105℃ for 24 hours, and organic matter content was determined by loss on ignition at 700℃ (MAS 7000 oven; CEM, Mattews, NC, USA). Soil cation-exchange capacity was determined according to EPA 9081 methods (US Environmental Protection Agency 1986). Soil nitrate (NO3- ) content was determined by extracting soil with deionized water and then measuring NO3- content in the liquid phase using an NO3- electrode (Gelderman and Beegle 1998).
The activities of four extracellular enzymes (β-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, phosphatase, and arylsulfatase) were measured by the MUF-substrate method (Freeman et al. 1996).
성능/효과
The results of this study demonstrated that elevated CO2 had significant effects on the growth of pine seedling as well as soil microbial activity. These findings suggest that rising levels of atmospheric CO2 cause a reduction in pine seedling biomass as well as distinct changes in soil chemistry and microbiology.
후속연구
on microbial activities and pine seedling growth. However, as our work is limited to the growth chamber, further investigation is needed study.
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