This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (RG) on muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Eighteen college male students were randomly assigned to either the RG group or the placebo group (P). The RG group ingested RG extract at 20 g/day (mixed with 200 mL of water) for 7 days prior...
This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (RG) on muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Eighteen college male students were randomly assigned to either the RG group or the placebo group (P). The RG group ingested RG extract at 20 g/day (mixed with 200 mL of water) for 7 days prior to performing a downhill treadmill exercise and for 3 days after performing the downhill treadmill exercise, while the P group ingested 200 mL of water containing Agastachis Herba for 7 days prior to and 3 days following a downhill treadmill exercise. All subjects performed 2 bouts of a downhill treadmill exercise (6 km, -14 degree slope, 12 km/hr speed) with a 5 minute resting interval between bouts. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and after exercise, and at 1 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr. Two-way repeated ANOVA documented that creatine kinase (CK) levels in the RG group were significantly reduced at 48 hr after exercise, as compared with P group, and remained constant until 72 hr after exercise. Lactate levels in the RG group were also significantly lower at 24 hr and 72 hr after exercise as compared to the P group. We conclude that supplementation of RGreduces CK levels and may prevent muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.
This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (RG) on muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Eighteen college male students were randomly assigned to either the RG group or the placebo group (P). The RG group ingested RG extract at 20 g/day (mixed with 200 mL of water) for 7 days prior to performing a downhill treadmill exercise and for 3 days after performing the downhill treadmill exercise, while the P group ingested 200 mL of water containing Agastachis Herba for 7 days prior to and 3 days following a downhill treadmill exercise. All subjects performed 2 bouts of a downhill treadmill exercise (6 km, -14 degree slope, 12 km/hr speed) with a 5 minute resting interval between bouts. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and after exercise, and at 1 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr. Two-way repeated ANOVA documented that creatine kinase (CK) levels in the RG group were significantly reduced at 48 hr after exercise, as compared with P group, and remained constant until 72 hr after exercise. Lactate levels in the RG group were also significantly lower at 24 hr and 72 hr after exercise as compared to the P group. We conclude that supplementation of RGreduces CK levels and may prevent muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.
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가설 설정
It is plausible that RG consumption may attenuate muscle damage after eccentric exercise partially due to either anti-inflammatory or antioxidant actions, or both. We could not exactly explain what mechanism in RG supplementation could be responsible for the attenuation of muscle injury in this study. However, it can be suggested that the antioxidant effect of Korea red ginseng may partly explain the lower CK levels in RG group.
제안 방법
The RG group was instructed to ingest RG extract at 20 g/day (mixed with 200 mL of water and instructed to ingest 3 separate times/day) for 7 days prior to performing a downhill treadmill exercise test and for 3 days after the treadmill test, while the placebo group was instructed to ingest 200 mL of water containing Agastachis Herba. All subjects performed 2 bouts of a downhill treadmill exercise tests (6 km, -14 degree slope, 12 km/hr speed) with a 5 minute resting interval between bouts. The subjects were asked to maintain their normal eating habits, restrict vigorous activity, and abstain from drug and alcohol consumption.
Limitations of this study are that we did not include a subjective measure of muscle injury (e.g. muscle soreness) and used plasma CK levels as the primary measure of muscle injury without objective measures of functional impairment. Although CK levels were greater in the placebo group, it is not known if the placebo group experienced more subjective muscle soreness and greater objective functional impairment than the RG group.
(7) reported a difference in CK levels within 2 hr post exercise, no human study has investigated measures of CK values during the time when blood levels of CK levels are at their peak. Our study is the first to measure CK levels in human models between 48 and 72 hr after exercise when CK levels are known to peak. Another measure of muscle damage, plasma lactate, was also significantly lower in the RG group at 24 hr and 72 hr after exercise as compared with the placebo group.
The strength of this study is that, to our knowledge, this is the first human study to examine the effects of Korean red ginseng on muscle damage due to eccentric exercise at times of peak muscle injury. Our study is well designed by using downhill running protocol. Further studies are needed to examine whether long-term Korean red ginseng intake relates to other chronic diseases across different ethnic groups.
All subjects were randomly assigned to either the RG or placebo (P) group. The RG group was instructed to ingest RG extract at 20 g/day (mixed with 200 mL of water and instructed to ingest 3 separate times/day) for 7 days prior to performing a downhill treadmill exercise test and for 3 days after the treadmill test, while the placebo group was instructed to ingest 200 mL of water containing Agastachis Herba. All subjects performed 2 bouts of a downhill treadmill exercise tests (6 km, -14 degree slope, 12 km/hr speed) with a 5 minute resting interval between bouts.
대상 데이터
Eighteen healthy male college students, aged 19 to 22 years, were recruited to participate in the present study. Subjects’ health and drug-use profiles were assessed using the standardized questionnaire.
데이터처리
Two-way (Group×Time) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test mean differences for groups and for times factor, and groups×times interaction factor.
이론/모형
The lactic acid content was analyzed using Hohorst’s method (11).
The plasma was removed, separated into aliquots and stored at -70℃ for subsequent analysis. The plasma CK levels were determined with a spectrophotometer technique (Elitech, Sees, France).
The sphericity assumption was justified by using Huynh-Feldt Epsilon (ε) test.
성능/효과
92) values between the RG and P groups at baseline. As shown in Fig. 1, the CK activity levels in both RG and P groups were elevated until 24 hr after the treadmill test, but the CK levels in the RG group were significantly reduced at 48 hr after exercise (p=0.01) and remained constant until 72 hr after exercise compared with the P group. The RG group had significantly lower mean CK values at 48 h after exercise when compared with the P group (552.
In conclusion, we found that Korean red ginseng intake is associated with reduction of plasma CK levels. Our findings suggest that Korean red ginseng intake may play a role in preventing muscle injury due to eccentric exercise.
Our major finding was that plasma CK levels measured at 48 hr after eccentric exercise were significantly lower in the RG group compared to the P group. We also found that plasma lactate levels measured at 24 hr and 72 hr after exercise were significantly lower in the RG group compared to the P group.
후속연구
Our study is well designed by using downhill running protocol. Further studies are needed to examine whether long-term Korean red ginseng intake relates to other chronic diseases across different ethnic groups.
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