[논문]Effect of Particle Size of Zinc Oxides on Cytotoxicity and Cell Permeability in Caco-2 Cells

Chang, Hyun-Joo; Choi, Sung-Wook; Ko, Sang-Hoon; Chun, Hyang-Sook

doi:10.3746/jfn.2011.16.2.174

Effect of Particle Size of Zinc Oxides on Cytotoxicity and Cell Permeability in Caco-2 Cells 원문보기

Journal of food science and nutrition, v.16 no.2, 2011년, pp.174 - 178

Chang, Hyun-Joo (Food Safety Division, Korea Food Research Institute) , Choi, Sung-Wook (Food Safety Division, Korea Food Research Institute) , Ko, Sang-Hoon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University) , Chun, Hyang-Sook (Food Safety Division, Korea Food Research Institute)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The cell permeability and cytotoxic effects of different-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were investigated using a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line called Caco-2. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that three zinc oxides with different mean particle sizes (ZnO-1, 20 nm; ZnO-2, 90~200 nm; ZnO-3, $1\sim5\;{\mu}m$) tended to aggregate, particularly in the case of ZnO-1. When cytotoxicities of all three sizes of zinc oxide particles were measured at concentration ranges of $1\sim1000\;{\mu}g$/mL, significant decreases in cell viability were observed at concentrations of $50\;{\mu}g$/mL and higher. Among the three zinc oxides, ZnO-1 showed the lowest viability at $50\;{\mu}g$/mL in Caco-2 cells, followed by ZnO-2 and ZnO-3. The permeate concentration of ZnO-1 from the apical to the basolateral side in the Caco-2 model system after four hours was about three-fold higher than that of either ZnO-2 or ZnO-3. These results demonstrated that ZnO-1, with a 20 nm mean particle size, had poorer viability and better permeability in Caco-2 cells than ZnO-2 and ZnO-3.

주제어

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대상 데이터

Zinc oxides with three different mean particle sizes (ZnO-1, 20 nm; ZnO-2, 90～200 nm; ZnO-3, 1～5 μM) were purchased from American elements (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Caco-2 cells (ATCC no. HTB-37) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Transwell inserts (cat.
Zinc oxides with three different mean particle sizes (ZnO-1, 20 nm; ZnO-2, 90～200 nm; ZnO-3, 1～5 μM) were purchased from American elements (Los Angeles, CA, USA).

데이터처리

The statistical significance among treatments was analyzed by a Student t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test.

이론/모형

Cellular permeability of zinc oxide particles across Caco-2 monolayer. Samples were added to the apical side of the cells, and the permeated samples were determined from the basolateral side by the spectrophotometric method. Values are expressed as mean±SE (n＝6).

성능/효과

In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ZnO-1 of 20 nm mean particle size had poorer viability and better permeability in Caco-2 model compared to those of ZnO-2 and ZnO-3. Further studies on toxicological aspects and bioavailability of zinc oxide particles should be continued in order to determine more accurate size effect, especially for various nano-sizes.
(23) on cytotoxic effects of four typical nanoparticles showed that zinc oxide induced much greater cytotoxicity than nonmetal nanoparticles. The study also indicated that oxidative stress might be a key route in inducing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (24,25), and demonstrated in the end that particle composition probably played a primary role in the cytotoxic effects.
Among these, the effect of particle size was examined in this study. This study indicates that permeability into Caco-2 cells of ZnO-1 of 20 nm mean particle size was the highest as compared with those of larger sized ZnO-2 and ZnO-3. A similar result was shown by other researchers.

후속연구

The higher cytotoxic action of ZnO-1 than ZnO-2 or ZnO-3 in this study might be explained by one of several possibilities: first, the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, second, high cellular level of ZnO-1 due to its higher permeable property than ZnO-2 and ZnO-3, and third, the increased surface area as a characteristic of the nanoparticle, acting as a physical barrier to prevent the growth of cells and affect membrane function of the cells. A further study on cytotoxicity of ZnO particles is required to examine the toxicity mechanism.

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