Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng Meyer, has been used frequently in traditional oriental medicine and is popular globally. Ginsenosides, which are the saponins in ginseng, are the major components having pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-tumor activities. ...
Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng Meyer, has been used frequently in traditional oriental medicine and is popular globally. Ginsenosides, which are the saponins in ginseng, are the major components having pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng(TSKRG) on thrombin-produced thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$), an aggregating thrombogenic molecule, and its associated microsomal enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and $TXA_2$ synthase (TXAS). Thrombin (0.5 U/mL) increased $TXA_2$ production up to 169 ng/$10^8$ platelets as compared with control (0.2 ng/$10^8$ platelets). However, TSKRG inhibited potently $TXA_2$ production to the control level in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the strong inhibition of COX-1 and TXAS activities in platelet microsomes having cytochrome c reductase activity. The results demonstrate TSKRG is a beneficial traditional oriental medicine in platelet-mediated thrombotic diseases via suppression of COX-1 and TXAS to inhibit production of $TXA_2$.
Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng Meyer, has been used frequently in traditional oriental medicine and is popular globally. Ginsenosides, which are the saponins in ginseng, are the major components having pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng(TSKRG) on thrombin-produced thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$), an aggregating thrombogenic molecule, and its associated microsomal enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and $TXA_2$ synthase (TXAS). Thrombin (0.5 U/mL) increased $TXA_2$ production up to 169 ng/$10^8$ platelets as compared with control (0.2 ng/$10^8$ platelets). However, TSKRG inhibited potently $TXA_2$ production to the control level in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the strong inhibition of COX-1 and TXAS activities in platelet microsomes having cytochrome c reductase activity. The results demonstrate TSKRG is a beneficial traditional oriental medicine in platelet-mediated thrombotic diseases via suppression of COX-1 and TXAS to inhibit production of $TXA_2$.
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가설 설정
The TSKRG-induced COX-1 activity was assayed with COX-1 fluorescent assay kit. (B) Effect of TSKRG on TXAS activity in platelet microsomes. The microsomal fraction (20 µg total protein) of platelets was preincubated for 5 min at 37℃ with or without various concentrations of TSKRG.
However, there are no reports concerning the involvement of ginseng compounds in the inhibition of COX-1 or TXAS to suppress platelet aggregation. In this study, we investigated whether total saponin from Korean red ginseng (TSKRG) inhibits the specific activities of COX-1 and TXAS to suppress TXA2 production, and this provide new information of TSKRG-mediated anti-platelet activity.
제안 방법
TSKRG that we used contained ginsenoside (G)-Rg1, G-Re, G-Rb1, G-Rc, G-Rg2, G-Rb2, G-Rd, and G-Rg3, which were analyzed with HPLC-ELSD method (Zorbax ODS C18 column [250×4.6 mm id, 5 μm], Zorbax ODS C18 guard column [12.5×4.6 mm id, 5 μm]).
5 U/mL) for 5 min. The aggregation was monitored using an aggregometer (Chrono-Log Corporation) with gentle stirring. Each aggregation rate was calculated as a percent of light transmission.
The amounts of TXB2, a stable metabolite of TXA2, were determined using a TXB2 EIA kit according to the procedure described by the manufacturer. The assay is based on the competition between unlabelled TXB2 and a fi xed quantity of peroxidase-labelled TXB2 for a limited number of binding sites on a TXB2 specifi c antibody.
이론/모형
Data were assessed by analysis of variance. If this analysis indicated signifi cant differences among the group means, then each group was compared by the Newman-Keuls method. A p-value <0.
Protein concentrations were measured using the Bradford method. Protein samples (30 µg) from each treatment platelets were separated by 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
성능/효과
Because TSKRG inhibits TXA2 production as well as spinach saponin and hepoxilin cyclopropane, TSKRG may be involved in in creasing the production of cAMP. In conclusion, TSKRG has a benefi cial anti-platelet effect within thrombotic diseases via the inhibition of COX-1 and TXAS activities.
후속연구
Although these results indicate that TSKRG inhibits a pathway involved in TXA2 production, it is insuffi cient for a complete understanding of the inhibitory action of ginseng compounds on platelet aggregation. Presently, we tried to explain the inhibitory mechanism of TSKRG on TXA2-production by assaying the activities of the TXA2 production-associated microsomal enzymes, COX-1 and TXAS.
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