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Agarase의 분류, 기원, 확보, 활성파악, 분리정제, 생산 및 응용
The Classification, Origin, Collection, Determination of Activity, Purification, Production, and Application of Agarases 원문보기

생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.22 no.2 = no.142, 2012년, pp.266 - 280  

이동근 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 제약공학과) ,  이상현 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 제약공학과)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

한천은 거대 홍조류의 세포벽 성분으로 agarase에 의해 가수분해된다. Agarase는 분해 양상에 따라 ${\alpha}$-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.158)와 ${\beta}$-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.81)로 나눌 수 있으며 아미노산 서열 유사성에 따라 GH (glycoside hydrolase) -16, -58, -86, -96, -118 로 나눌 수 있다. 많은 agarase들이나 그들의 유전자가 바다나 육지 환경의 세균 혹은 메타게놈에서 검출, 분리, 재조합 발현되었다. Agarase의 산물인 한천올리고당(agarooligosaccharides)과 네오한 천올리고당(neoagarooligosaccharides)은 항암, 면역활성, 항산화, 장내유용세균활성화, 간보호, 항균, 미백, 보습의 효과 등 다양한 기능성이 보고되어 식품, 화장품, 의학 영역에서 광범위하게 이용될 수 있다. 또한 agarase는 연구영역에서 이용될 수 있다. 이 논문은 agarase의 검출원, 정제법, 검출법 그리고 응용영역에 대해 검토하였고, 한천대사에서 agarase의 역할, 대사산물의 기능 등도 고찰하였다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Agar is a cell wall component of macro red algae that can be hydrolyzed by agarase. Agarases are classified into ${\alpha}$-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.158) and ${\beta}$-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.81), in accordance with their cleavage pattern, and can be grouped in the glycoside hydrolase (...

주제어

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
한천 다당류가 여러 산업에서 안정제로 널리 사용되는 까닭은 무엇인가? 한천 다당류는 친수성 고분자로 콜로이드의 성질이 있어 0.2~0.3%의 농도로도 겔 형성능이 있으며 85℃ 이하에서는 녹지 않아 식품산업에서 고온으로 제조되는 빵 제품과 과자류의 안정제로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 우유, 유제품, 청량음료 등의 생산에도 이용되고 화장품과 약품 등의 안정제로 많이 쓰이고 있다. 즉, 식품산업에서 겔화제, 안정제, 점증제, 변색방지제, 청징제로 사용되고 있고, 연구개발 분야에서도 통상적인 배지용 겔화제 이외에 식물의 조직배양용 배지의 겔화제로도 쓰이며, 의약분야에서는 치과인상제 등으로도 사용된다[50].
한천의 구성 물질은 각각 어떤 특징을 갖는가? 한천(agar)은 galactan에 속하며 홍조류에 많이 함유되어 있고 agarose와 agaropectin으로 이루어진 혼합물이다. Agarose는 D-galactose와 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose(AHG)가 단위체로 이들이 교차 결합하여 직쇄구조로 되어 있으며 겔(gel) 형성능력이 강하다. Agaropectin은 agarose와 같이 agarobiose 단위로 되어 있으나 황산기 등의 산성기를 함유하며 겔 형성능력이 약하다. 해조류인 Chondrus crispus 등에서 얻어지는 고점성의 galactan을 carrageenan이라 하며 식품의 젤리화제로 널리 이용되고 있다[57].
한천의 효소분해산물은 무엇이며 이들은 어떤 기능성이 있는가? 한천은 그 자체로 식품산업과 의약품, 향장품 산업 등에 이용되지만 한천의 효소분해산물인 한천올리고당(agarooligosaccharides)이나 네오한천올리고당(neoagarooligosaccharides)은 항암 효과, 면역증진 효과, 항산화 효과, prebiotic 효과, 간보호 효과, 항균 효과, 미백 효과, 보습 효과 등의 다양한 기능성이 보고되어 있어 고부가가치 기능성물질의 가능성이 매우 높다. 따라서 한천을 분해하는 효소인 agarase와 agarase를 생산하는 세균을 탐색하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되었으며 저자들도 한천 분해세균의 탐색, agarase 유전자 확보 및 재조합 발현, 기존 agarase 유전자의 돌연변이를 통한 특성 개선, agarase를 이용한 한천분해산물의 제조와 그 기능성 등을 보고하였다[54-56,75-79].
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