Amer, Maha Eshak
(Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University)
,
Heo, Min-Suk
(Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
,
Brooks, Sharon L.
(Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan)
,
Benavides, Erika
(Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan)
Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate possible variations in maxillary and mandibular bone texture of normal population using the fractal analysis, particles count, and area fraction in intraoral radiographs. Materials and Methods : Periapical radiographs of patients who had full mouth intr...
Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate possible variations in maxillary and mandibular bone texture of normal population using the fractal analysis, particles count, and area fraction in intraoral radiographs. Materials and Methods : Periapical radiographs of patients who had full mouth intraoral radiographs were collected. Regions of interest ($100{\times}100$ pixels) were located between the teeth of the maxillary anterior, premolar, and molar area, as well as the mandibular anterior, premolar, and molar areas. The fractal dimension (FD) was calculated by using the box counting method. The particle count (PC) and area fraction (AF) analyses were also performed. Results : There was no significant difference in the FD values among the different groups of age, gender, upper, and lower jaws. The mean FD value was $1.49{\pm}0.01$. The mean PC ranged from 44 to 54, and the mean AF ranged from 10.92 to 11.85. The values of FD, PC, and AF were significantly correlated with each other except for the upper molar area. Conclusion : According to the results, patients with normal trabecular pattern showed a FD of approximately 1.5. Based on these results, further investigation would be recommended if the FD value of patient significantly differenct from this number, since the alteration of this value indicates microstructural modification of trabecular pattern of the jaws. Additionally, with periapical radiographs, simple and cost-effective, PC and AF could be used to assess the deviation from the normal.
Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate possible variations in maxillary and mandibular bone texture of normal population using the fractal analysis, particles count, and area fraction in intraoral radiographs. Materials and Methods : Periapical radiographs of patients who had full mouth intraoral radiographs were collected. Regions of interest ($100{\times}100$ pixels) were located between the teeth of the maxillary anterior, premolar, and molar area, as well as the mandibular anterior, premolar, and molar areas. The fractal dimension (FD) was calculated by using the box counting method. The particle count (PC) and area fraction (AF) analyses were also performed. Results : There was no significant difference in the FD values among the different groups of age, gender, upper, and lower jaws. The mean FD value was $1.49{\pm}0.01$. The mean PC ranged from 44 to 54, and the mean AF ranged from 10.92 to 11.85. The values of FD, PC, and AF were significantly correlated with each other except for the upper molar area. Conclusion : According to the results, patients with normal trabecular pattern showed a FD of approximately 1.5. Based on these results, further investigation would be recommended if the FD value of patient significantly differenct from this number, since the alteration of this value indicates microstructural modification of trabecular pattern of the jaws. Additionally, with periapical radiographs, simple and cost-effective, PC and AF could be used to assess the deviation from the normal.
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제안 방법
The aim of this study was to investigate the normal parameters and the result of alveolar bone fractal analysis, particles count and area fraction. Another purpose was to characterize how the morphological features of the cancellous bone of the maxilla and mandible differed in various areas and to show possible normal variations. Thus, it would help to detect the patients with bone diseases, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, hemolytic anemia and so on.
Thus, it would help to detect the patients with bone diseases, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, hemolytic anemia and so on. In addition, this study especially focused on examining the intrinsic morphologic features of the trabecular bone that were essentially independent of exposure and processing variables rather than direct optical density of bone on radiographs. Intrinsic morphological features assay would be more appropriate for use in general dental offices.
used a caliper method of fractal analysis to compare the trabecular pattern differences between healthy and moderate periodontal patients. In this study, the FD showed a significant correlation with PC and AF in all of the six sites of the jaws. Regarding the FD of the different sites, the result showed that the FD of the upper anterior area showed a significant correlation with those of the upper molar area and lower molar areas.
In particular, the specific sequence of erosion and dilation used to smooth the image, as well as the brightness threshold value selected to make the image binary, has a substantive influence on the image appearance.14In this study, the erosion and dilation were performed three times in an attempt to reduce noise and overcome all the variation derived from non standardization of the radiographs. In addition, instead of skeletonizing the image, the image was outlined.
One of the strengths of our study was the use of periapical radiographs which could be taken in general dental practice daily to diagnose common dental diseases. In addition, there was no special standardization technique.
The aim of this study was to investigate the normal parameters and the result of alveolar bone fractal analysis, particles count and area fraction. Another purpose was to characterize how the morphological features of the cancellous bone of the maxilla and mandible differed in various areas and to show possible normal variations.
대상 데이터
Then the image was cropped and saved in BMP format. The ROI was selected from each case including six regions (anterior, premolar, and molar areas in the upper and lower jaws) using ImageJ (ver. 1.38x, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The selected area was processed using the method designed by White and Rudolph.
The cases in this study included 93.7% males, and 6.3% females. The results of this study showed no significant correlation between the different age groups, or gender.
성능/효과
In conclusion, our study showed that healthy patients with normal trabecular pattern have a FD of approximately 1.5 in all regions of the maxilla and mandible. Our results confirmed the results from previous studies which stated that FD analysis was a practical method to investigate trabecular bone architecture.
3% females. The results of this study showed no significant correlation between the different age groups, or gender. The mean age was 41.
후속연구
01, and the mean PC and AF were as shown in Table 1. This proved that the normal FD of all the jaw sites was relatively similar, thus that any variation from this value indicated further investigation to rule out changes in BMD. However, it must be stressed that the clinician or the researcher would have to follow the same data processing protocol described in this study because any variation in this process might affect the results.
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