닭과 야생사육조류로부터 야외샘플을 사용한 조류인플루엔자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 검출 키트의 평가 Evaluation of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Virus Detection Kit using Field Samples from Domestic and Semi-domestic Birds원문보기
연구는 방글라데시에서 조류인플루엔자와 뉴캐슬 질병 바이러스가 국내의 현장 샘플에서 혼합항원키트의 민감도와 특이성을 평가하기 위하여 육계 및 산란계와 토종 닭 그리고 사육 야생오리, 거위, 비둘기와 메추라기로부터 야외 샘플을 수집하였다. 샘플은 방글라데시의 5 지역에서 발생한 조류인플루엔자 자연감염된 것으로 의심되는 닭과 야생사육조수로부터 수집되었다. 각 지역으로부터 2마리씩 선택적으로 샘플을 수집하였으며, 각 조류에서는 면봉을 이용하여 기도, 총배설강, 구-비강으로부터 3가지 유형의 샘플을 채취하였다. 70 마리의 조류에서 총210개의 야외 샘플이 수집되었으며, 조류인플레인자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 혼합항원신속진단키트를 검사하였다. 210개 샘플 중에서 15개(5 마리)가 조류인플루엔자 바이러스, 63개(21 마리)가 뉴캣슬병 바이러스, 27개(9 마리)에서 두 가지의 혼합감염이 나 타났으며, 그 외에서는 모두 음성으로 나타났다. 5 곳의 조류인플루엔자 양성 중에서 Mymensingh, Netrokona, Gibandha와 Kurigram의 마켓으로부터 산란계에서, Kurigram의 마켓에서 토종닭에서 양성이 나타났다. 야생사육조수는 뉴캣슬병에 양성이거나 또는 조류인플루엔자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스에는 감염되지 않았다. 조류인플루엔자 및 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 신속진단키트로 기도, 총배설강, 구-비강으로부터 채집한 샘플에서 동시에 검출할 수 있는 것으로서 효과적으로 사용될 것으로 평가되었다. 조류인플레인자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 혼합 항원 검사 결과는 명확히 두 개의 바이러스 검출을 위한 테스트 키트로서 적은 노력과 대규모의 필드 샘플로부터 이들 바이러스의 검출에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 최신의 과학적 방법이며, 신속하게 질병을 진단할 수 있었다.
연구는 방글라데시에서 조류인플루엔자와 뉴캐슬 질병 바이러스가 국내의 현장 샘플에서 혼합항원키트의 민감도와 특이성을 평가하기 위하여 육계 및 산란계와 토종 닭 그리고 사육 야생오리, 거위, 비둘기와 메추라기로부터 야외 샘플을 수집하였다. 샘플은 방글라데시의 5 지역에서 발생한 조류인플루엔자 자연감염된 것으로 의심되는 닭과 야생사육조수로부터 수집되었다. 각 지역으로부터 2마리씩 선택적으로 샘플을 수집하였으며, 각 조류에서는 면봉을 이용하여 기도, 총배설강, 구-비강으로부터 3가지 유형의 샘플을 채취하였다. 70 마리의 조류에서 총210개의 야외 샘플이 수집되었으며, 조류인플레인자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 혼합항원신속진단키트를 검사하였다. 210개 샘플 중에서 15개(5 마리)가 조류인플루엔자 바이러스, 63개(21 마리)가 뉴캣슬병 바이러스, 27개(9 마리)에서 두 가지의 혼합감염이 나 타났으며, 그 외에서는 모두 음성으로 나타났다. 5 곳의 조류인플루엔자 양성 중에서 Mymensingh, Netrokona, Gibandha와 Kurigram의 마켓으로부터 산란계에서, Kurigram의 마켓에서 토종닭에서 양성이 나타났다. 야생사육조수는 뉴캣슬병에 양성이거나 또는 조류인플루엔자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스에는 감염되지 않았다. 조류인플루엔자 및 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 신속진단키트로 기도, 총배설강, 구-비강으로부터 채집한 샘플에서 동시에 검출할 수 있는 것으로서 효과적으로 사용될 것으로 평가되었다. 조류인플레인자와 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 혼합 항원 검사 결과는 명확히 두 개의 바이러스 검출을 위한 테스트 키트로서 적은 노력과 대규모의 필드 샘플로부터 이들 바이러스의 검출에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 최신의 과학적 방법이며, 신속하게 질병을 진단할 수 있었다.
The study was undertaken to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of rapid Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) combo antigen kits from field samples of domestic (broiler and layer chicken, native chicken) and semi-domestic (duck, goose, pigeon and quail) birds of Bangladesh. Sample...
The study was undertaken to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of rapid Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) combo antigen kits from field samples of domestic (broiler and layer chicken, native chicken) and semi-domestic (duck, goose, pigeon and quail) birds of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from naturally infected AI suspected domestic and semi-domestic birds of five different outbreak areas in Bangladesh. From each area two birds were selected for sampling, and from each bird three types of samples (tracheal, cloacal and oro-nasal swabs) were collected. A total of 210 field samples from a total of 70 birds were collected and tested using AI and NDV combo antigen rapid diagnostic kits in the study. All three different samples from a bird showed similar pattern of reaction. Out of 210 samples, 15 samples (5 birds), 63 samples (21 birds) and 27 samples (9 birds) were positive for AIV, NDV and both for AIV and NDV, respectively; whereas the remaining birds were negative for either AIV or NDV in this screening test. Among the five AIV positive, a layer chicken from wet market in Mymensingh, Netrokona, Gibandha and Kurigram and a native chicken from wet market in Kurigram area was positive to AIV. The semi-domestic birds are either positive to NDV or free from both AIV and NDV. This study revealed that the AIV and NDV rapid diagnostic kits could be effectively use to diagnose the respective virus in trachea, oro-nasal and cloacal samples simultaneously. AIV-NDV combo Ag test result clearly indicates that the test kit designed for AIV and NDV could diagnose the disease rapidly with less effort and higher scientific know how which could be used for the detection of AIV and NDV using field samples in large scale.
The study was undertaken to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of rapid Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) combo antigen kits from field samples of domestic (broiler and layer chicken, native chicken) and semi-domestic (duck, goose, pigeon and quail) birds of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from naturally infected AI suspected domestic and semi-domestic birds of five different outbreak areas in Bangladesh. From each area two birds were selected for sampling, and from each bird three types of samples (tracheal, cloacal and oro-nasal swabs) were collected. A total of 210 field samples from a total of 70 birds were collected and tested using AI and NDV combo antigen rapid diagnostic kits in the study. All three different samples from a bird showed similar pattern of reaction. Out of 210 samples, 15 samples (5 birds), 63 samples (21 birds) and 27 samples (9 birds) were positive for AIV, NDV and both for AIV and NDV, respectively; whereas the remaining birds were negative for either AIV or NDV in this screening test. Among the five AIV positive, a layer chicken from wet market in Mymensingh, Netrokona, Gibandha and Kurigram and a native chicken from wet market in Kurigram area was positive to AIV. The semi-domestic birds are either positive to NDV or free from both AIV and NDV. This study revealed that the AIV and NDV rapid diagnostic kits could be effectively use to diagnose the respective virus in trachea, oro-nasal and cloacal samples simultaneously. AIV-NDV combo Ag test result clearly indicates that the test kit designed for AIV and NDV could diagnose the disease rapidly with less effort and higher scientific know how which could be used for the detection of AIV and NDV using field samples in large scale.
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문제 정의
Considering the above facts in the field of viral disease diagnosis particularly for AI and ND in the poultry population of Bangladesh, it is necessary to assess the sensitivity and specificity of rapid AI and NDV diagnostic kits. Therefore, the aim of this present research to assess an immunochromatographic kit as rapid diagnostic tool for the differentiation of AI from ND in domestic and semi-domestic birds and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the immunechromatographic kit for the detection of AIV and NDV from the field and laboratory samples.
This study was devoted for the detection of AIV A type and NDV in different species of birds from five different areas or districts in Bangladesh where AI outbreak was occurred. The sensitivity and specificity of the immuno-chromatographic kit was carried out for simultaneous detection of AIV and NDV using the field and laboratory samples.
제안 방법
After collection, the samples were transferred to the laboratory in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh with aseptic condition and the tests were performed using the AIV-NDV combo Ag test kit (RapiGEN®, South Korea) following the manufacturer’s protocol.
대상 데이터
A total of 210 samples collected from a total of 70 different species of birds from five different AI affected areas of Bangladesh and were tested for AI and NDV (Table 1) in this study. The pattern of AI and NDV distribution was not same in all the areas selected in this study (Table 2 and 3).
From each districts or areas, two suspected chickens were selected for collecting these swab samples. From a total of 70 birds, a total of 210 field samples were collected for this study (Table 1). In the case of broiler and layer chicken, a broiler and a layer chicken was selected from both the commercial farm (CF) and from wet market (WM) in all five areas (Table 2); whereas in the case of native chicken and semi-domestic birds, two birds were selected from WM in all five areas (Table 3).
The authors are grateful to RapiGEN®, Republic of Korea for kind supplying the kits to the first author in Bangladesh as free samples.
성능/효과
Only the pigeons at wet market in Dhaka and Mymensingh districts were positive to only the NDV, whereas pigeons from other districts were free from both the NDV and AI (Table 3). All the tracheal, oro-nasal and cloacal swab samples collected from quails at WM in this study were found to be negative to both AI and NDV, except the quails in Mymensingh district that were positive to only the NDV (Table 3).
After collection, the samples were transferred to the laboratory in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh with aseptic condition and the tests were performed using the AIV-NDV combo Ag test kit (RapiGEN®, South Korea) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Results of the test were observed within 3-5 minutes by naked eye and recorded: single band for negative control, double band for the AIV positive and triple band for both the AIV and NDV positive.
Both the samples in Mymensingh and a sample in Kurigram were positive to NDV, whereas a sample in Kurigram was positive to AI. The samples collected from duck in Dhaka, Gibandha and Kurigram were found to be negative to any of these two viral diseases in this study (Table 3), whereas the duck in Mymensingh and Netrokona were positive to only the NDV. All the samples collected from geese in any areas or districts in Bangladesh were free from both the AI and NDV diseases (Table 3).
Notably, the patterns of positive reaction for layer chickens in Mymensingh and Netrokona, and for both the broiler and layer in Gibandha and Kurigram were similar (Table 2) which might be due to the geographic location of these areas since Mymensingh and Netrokuna district was neighbour to each other, and Gibandha and Kurigram were close to each other. The study revealed that the broiler chicken at commercial farm in Dhaka and Mymensingh region was NDV positive (Table 2) which could be due to the lack of biosecurity measures, insufficient management, improper vaccination, vaccination failure or incorrect vaccine strains. NDV was absent in the chicken at other farms may be due to proper uses of appropriate vaccine and maintenance of proper biosecurity measures.
후속연구
The present study also had some limitations such as birds used for this study were not taken from the specific pathogen free (SPF) flocks, which might have hampered to get the exact result in the detection of AIV and NDV. Considering the findings of the present study, further studies are needed to be conducted on complete subtyping and serotyping of AIV and NDV by sero-diagnosis (HI and NI) and phylogenetic analysis with the nucleotide and amino acid sequencing of the HA and NA genes of AIV and F gene of NDV isolates from Bangladesh to discover the origin of these viruses in the poultry population in Bangladesh.
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