[논문]Potential of Initial CA Condition on Quality Maintenance of 'Fuji' Apples during Export Simulation after Long-term Storage

Park, Youn-Moon; Park, Hyo-Geun

doi:10.7235/hort.2012.11111

Potential of Initial CA Condition on Quality Maintenance of 'Fuji' Apples during Export Simulation after Long-term Storage 원문보기

원예과학기술지 = Korean journal of horticultural science & technology, v.30 no.4, 2012년, pp.400 - 408

Park, Youn-Moon (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University) , Park, Hyo-Geun (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Effects of initial controlled atmosphere (CA) treatment on quality maintenance of 'Fuji' apples were assessed and compared with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and continuous CA storage. Apples were harvested twice at different maturity, treated with 1 ${\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP and then stored for 8 months at $0^{\circ}C$ under 3 conditions: air, CA for the first month followed by air (initial CA), and continuous CA (full CA). CA storage was performed with 1.5 kPa $O_2$ and < 1.0 kPa ($N_2$ balance). Following long-term storage, export simulation, refrigerated shipment and local distribution, were performed by holding apples at $0^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks and on the shelf at $20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Both the application of 1-MCP and CA storage reduced ethylene production and respiration rates. Initial CA storage was also effective on reducing the metabolism although the effects were not as noticeable as full CA. Full CA storage with or without 1-MCP treatment maintained titratable acidity, flesh firmness, and sensory quality at the acceptable to excellent level even after the export simulation following 8-month storage regardless of harvest maturity. In contrast, effects of initial CA storage were limited to the maintenance of firmness and texture in early-harvested apples. Overall results indicated that harvest maturity is the critical factor for export fruit quality after long-term storage when separate treatment of initial CA storage or 1-MCP treatment is applied as a postharvest program.

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제안 방법

After 8-month storage and export simulation period (2-week shipment plus 7-day shelf life), SSC, titratable acidity (TA), flesh firmness, and sensory texture were evaluated. To measure SSC and TA, fruit juice was extracted from the whole fruit using a kitchen juicer.
Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 treatment factors and 6 replicates. For data to be arranged in a simple manner, however, effects of 1-MCP and storage procedure were analyzed in 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SAS, 1990) on each harvest date.
Respiration rate and ethylene evolution rates were measured at harvest, after 8-month storage, and after 2-week shipment simulation. Fruit were transferred into the temperature equilibrium chamber and held more than 12 h until fruit temperature reached 20℃.
Three-way analysis of variance on the effects of harvest date, 1-MCP treatment, and storage procedure on fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apples after export simulation.
Incidence of internal browning was investigated by counting the number of suffered fruit over the total fruit and by the severity of the disorder. Visual investigation was performed after cutting fruits horizontally along the equator of fruits. The severity was estimated as the percentage of suffered area over the cut surface.

데이터처리

For data to be arranged in a simple manner, however, effects of 1-MCP and storage procedure were analyzed in 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SAS, 1990) on each harvest date. Effects of harvest date were further analyzed with the other 2 factors through 3-way ANOVA, and treatment effects were summarized. Mean separation was obtained by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level.
Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 treatment factors and 6 replicates. For data to be arranged in a simple manner, however, effects of 1-MCP and storage procedure were analyzed in 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SAS, 1990) on each harvest date. Effects of harvest date were further analyzed with the other 2 factors through 3-way ANOVA, and treatment effects were summarized.
Mean separation was obtained by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level.

이론/모형

Empirically by the calendar date, fruit maturity at the first harvest (early harvest) was supposed to be the optimum stage for long-term storage, while the second harvest (late harvest) was supposed to be too late for the purpose of long-term storage. After each harvest, fruit maturity was estimated experimentally by starch-iodine index method (Park et al., 2005) using a 6 point scale from score 5.0 (full starch stain indicating immature) to 0.0 (no starch stain indicating overmature).
5 L airtight respirometer and the increases in CO₂ and C₂H₄ concentrations during 4-h incubation were measured. Headspace gas sample was taken using a 1 mL syringe and the concentrations of the gases were analyzed by gas chromatography method (Park and Yoon, 2006). CO₂ concentrations were analyzed using a gas chromatograph (model 600D, Young Lin Instrument Co.

성능/효과

In conclusion, initial CA exerted critical effects on extending storage potential to 8 months for export quality based on texture, especially when apples were harvested early and stored without 1-MCP treatment (Table 8). The storage potential of ‘Fuji’ apples for export consisting of 2-week shipment plus 7-day shelf life appeared to be less than 8 months when fruit were harvested late and stored under initial CA conditions even with postharvest 1-MCP treatment.
CA storage effects on the metabolism are also similar to the previous observations in apples (Park and Yoon, 2006; Park and Youn, 1999a, 1999b). Significant effects even from 1-month initial CA storage observed in the present study were interesting results and seemed to be used as a very practical application to determine storage methods according to exporting program. Application of initial CA storage seemed to be a better approach than the application during shipping period after air storage since no significant effects were obtained from the CA container shipping simulation (Park et al.

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