인간이 원치 않는 소리로 정의되는 소음은 크게 직장소음과 환경소음으로 구분될 수 있다. 직장소음은 산업활동이 이루어지는 작업장 내에서 주로 발생하나, 환경소음은 교통, 건설현장, 심지어 이웃에 의해 발생한다. 도로교통소음은 환경소음을 배출하는 주요한 요인으로 인식되고 있고 도시지역에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이를 고려하여, 본 연구는 미국 조지아주의 풀턴 카운티를 대상으로 토지이용별 도로교통소음의 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 미국 연방 도로관리국의 소음전파모델인 교통소음모델(Traffic Noise Model)에 기반한 주 야간 소음지도를 제작하였다. 연구지역의 도로교통소음의 정도를 파악하기 위해 3단계로 구성된 토지피복 유형 자료에 각 소음지도를 중첩하여 각 토지피복 유형별 소음도를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 연구지역 내 많은 필지와 건물이 허용치를 초과하는 소음에 노출된 것을 확인하였다. 특히 도로교통소음의 영향을 많이 받는 주거지역의 소음도를 줄이기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
인간이 원치 않는 소리로 정의되는 소음은 크게 직장소음과 환경소음으로 구분될 수 있다. 직장소음은 산업활동이 이루어지는 작업장 내에서 주로 발생하나, 환경소음은 교통, 건설현장, 심지어 이웃에 의해 발생한다. 도로교통소음은 환경소음을 배출하는 주요한 요인으로 인식되고 있고 도시지역에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이를 고려하여, 본 연구는 미국 조지아주의 풀턴 카운티를 대상으로 토지이용별 도로교통소음의 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 미국 연방 도로관리국의 소음전파모델인 교통소음모델(Traffic Noise Model)에 기반한 주 야간 소음지도를 제작하였다. 연구지역의 도로교통소음의 정도를 파악하기 위해 3단계로 구성된 토지피복 유형 자료에 각 소음지도를 중첩하여 각 토지피복 유형별 소음도를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 연구지역 내 많은 필지와 건물이 허용치를 초과하는 소음에 노출된 것을 확인하였다. 특히 도로교통소음의 영향을 많이 받는 주거지역의 소음도를 줄이기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
Noise is defined to be unwanted (or undesirable) sounds, and it can be subdivided into occupational and environmental noises. The occupational noise is largely emitted from workplaces, but the environmental noise is produced from various sources such as transportation, construction, and even neighbo...
Noise is defined to be unwanted (or undesirable) sounds, and it can be subdivided into occupational and environmental noises. The occupational noise is largely emitted from workplaces, but the environmental noise is produced from various sources such as transportation, construction, and even neighborhood. Transportation, particularly road vehicles, has been recognized to play a major role in emitting environmental noise and having adverse effects on urban communities. Considering this issue, this research investigated how severe the impacts of road traffic noise on a variety of land uses in a highly urbanized area, Fulton County, Georgia, United States. Daytime and nighttime road traffic noise maps were derived with Traffic Noise Model that was developed by Federal Highway Administration at United States Department of Transportation. Individual noise maps were overlaid on three-tiered land use type maps in order to evaluate the magnitude of noise impacts on the study area, as a noise exposure assessment. This study found that many land use parcels and buildings were exposed to noise levels exceeding the guideline values of the World Health Organization and the Atlanta Code of Ordinance. Therefore, it would be required to take an action that can protect many urban residents from ill effects of road traffic noise.
Noise is defined to be unwanted (or undesirable) sounds, and it can be subdivided into occupational and environmental noises. The occupational noise is largely emitted from workplaces, but the environmental noise is produced from various sources such as transportation, construction, and even neighborhood. Transportation, particularly road vehicles, has been recognized to play a major role in emitting environmental noise and having adverse effects on urban communities. Considering this issue, this research investigated how severe the impacts of road traffic noise on a variety of land uses in a highly urbanized area, Fulton County, Georgia, United States. Daytime and nighttime road traffic noise maps were derived with Traffic Noise Model that was developed by Federal Highway Administration at United States Department of Transportation. Individual noise maps were overlaid on three-tiered land use type maps in order to evaluate the magnitude of noise impacts on the study area, as a noise exposure assessment. This study found that many land use parcels and buildings were exposed to noise levels exceeding the guideline values of the World Health Organization and the Atlanta Code of Ordinance. Therefore, it would be required to take an action that can protect many urban residents from ill effects of road traffic noise.
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문제 정의
This research aims at examining how severe the effects of road traffic noise on land use and land cover (LULC) types of Fulton County, Georgia, United States. This study is anticipated to facilitate the interpretation and identification of potential characterizations of site-specific noise impacts in an urban area, based on LULC types.
Regarding Type II and III classes, zonal analysis was applied to derive descriptive statistics of noise levels for each parcel and building, and spatial join was utilized to associate noise statistics with individual parcels and buildings. This research conducted the exposure assessment of LULC, land parcels and building units against daytime and nighttime road traffic noise levels. In addition, the guideline values of WHO (Berglund et al.
This research estimated the average noise levels of LULC types that were derived with 2006 NLCD data. According to the estimation, the average noise levels of urban and barren land areas exceeded the county average, i.
This research aims at examining how severe the effects of road traffic noise on land use and land cover (LULC) types of Fulton County, Georgia, United States. This study is anticipated to facilitate the interpretation and identification of potential characterizations of site-specific noise impacts in an urban area, based on LULC types.
제안 방법
0) that is one of the most frequently-utilized software package for environmental noise prediction. The noise calculation of the software package is based on a 3-D urban model with sound barrier, buildings, and topography that affect the propagation of sound.
This research demonstrated that the environmental quality of an urban community might be poor from the perspective of overall traffic noise level for Fulton County, Georgia, United States, based on noise exposure assessments with three-tiered LULC types. A recent study of road traffic noise reported that 20% and 30% of residential building units were exposed to noise levels exceeding 55dB(A) and 45dB(A), representing respective daytime and nighttime WHO noise control values, for a rural Chittenden County, Vermont, United States (Kaliski et al.
This research employed Traffic Noise Model (TNM) to create road traffic noise surfaces of our study area. The TNM is a mathematical noise-propagation model that has been developed by the United States Federal Highway Administration.
The TNM is a mathematical noise-propagation model that has been developed by the United States Federal Highway Administration. This research produced two road traffic noise maps during daytime (07:00-22:00 hours) and nighttime (22:00-07:00 hours) periods, denoted by LD and LN, respectively.
This study also performed the exposure assessment of the noise, based on land parcels (n≈34,400), and noticed similar average noise levels to the county-wide ones, i.e., 56dB(A) at day and 48dB(A) at night.
In Fulton County, there are 4 Interstate Highways including I-85, I-75, I-20, and I-285. This study obtained the county-wide average noise levels of 56dB(A) and 47dB(A) for daytime and nighttime, respectively, based on road traffic noise calculations.
This study used overlay analysis between road traffic noise maps and USGS NLCD and derived descriptive statistics to provide the overview of noise levels associated with each Type I class. Regarding Type II and III classes, zonal analysis was applied to derive descriptive statistics of noise levels for each parcel and building, and spatial join was utilized to associate noise statistics with individual parcels and buildings.
대상 데이터
In addition, this research employed individual buildings that have the attributes of the land use subclasses. The data sets of parcels and buildings were delivered from Fulton County, Georgia, United States.
성능/효과
Figure 4 illustrates the percentages of residential building subclasses that were exposed to road traffic noise levels. Based on the figure, daytime noise levels higher than 55dB(A) affected 75% of mobile homes, 67% of apartment and condominium units, and 47% of houses. In addition, nighttime noise levels greater than 40dB(A) impacted 86% of all the residential building units in the study area.
Most building units of the land use types (more than 80%) were exposed to nighttime noise levels from 40dB(A) to 65dB(A). Taking into account the WHO noise control values, 49% and 86% of residential building units were exposed to noise levels exceeding 55dB(A) and 40dB(A) during daytime and nighttime, respectively. Based on the ACO, 30% of commercial building units were affected by daytime noise levels greater than 70dB(A), and 15% of the units were exposed to nighttime ones higher than 65dB(A).
Taking into account the percentages of each land use parcel against road traffic noise levels, this study discovered that 56% and 93% of residential parcels were exposed to noise levels exceeding the daytime and nighttime WHO guideline values. In addition, it was found that approximately more than 75% of education parcels was exposed to noise levels greater than 55dB(A) during daytime.
, 2007). This study also found much more building units to be exposed to road traffic noise exceeding the WHO values, i.e., 49% and 86%, for the highly urbanized Fulton County, which could explicitly indicate the poor quality of living environment in urbanized community.
The exposure assessment of road traffic noise was further extended with individual buildings (n≈304,000). This study found the average noise levels of all buildings to be 55dB(A) and 47dB(A) for daytime and nighttime, respectively. Figures 3(a) and (b) show the noise range of each land use type for individual buildings.
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