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NTIS 바로가기한국과학교육학회지 = Journal of the Korean association for science education, v.35 no.4, 2015년, pp.709 - 723
Since 2011, after beginning of the systematic study on STEAM education, South Korea has developed a number of related programs. At this point we see that this is the time to clarify the challenges. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of their education through the review of m...
핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
---|---|---|
STEAM 교육이 출발하게 된 이유는 무엇인가? | STEAM 교육에 대한 주장은 주로 산업의 경쟁력 차원에서 창의적인 인력 양성에서는 예술이 과학 못지않게 중요하기 때문에 STEM에 Arts가 포함되어야 한다는 것에서 출발하였다(Bevins, 2012). STEAM 교육의 주장 배경과 이유들에는 다음과 같은 것이 있다. | |
미국은 STEM 교육을 점차 강조하고 있는 이유는 무엇인가? | 첫째, STEM 분야 직업을 충당할 미래 전문가 수의 부족에 대한 염려, 교육 및 경제적 경쟁력 관점에서 STEM 교육에 대한 필요가 점차 커지기 시작하였다(Brown et al., 2011). 또한, 미국 학생들의 STEM 분야의 학력이 낮으며, 그러한 STEM 기능이 부족한 학생들은 과학이나 공학 전문분야 또는 수학, 과학, 기술 소양을 필요로 하는 직업분야로 들어갈 능력이나 기능이 없다(Merrill & Daughty, 2010)는 인식이 있고, 많은 학생들이 이른 나이에 과학과 수학에 대한 흥미를 잃게 되어, 대학 및 대학원에서 STEM 분야를 전공하고, 장차 이들 분야 또는 이와 관계된 직업을 선택하는 소위 말하는 “STEM 파이프라인”에서 조기에 이탈하여 이것은 결국 국가 경쟁력 저하와 관계된다는 인식이다(Sanders, 2009). 이에 미국의 STEM 교육 주창자들은 학교에서 수학과 과학에 대한 요구를 증가시키면서 기술과 공학개념을 융합시키면, 학생들이 더 잘 수행하고 STEM 분야의 고등 교육이나 직업을 위해 더 잘 준비할 수 있을 것이라고 믿고 있다. 그 결과 다시 국제 경쟁에서 톱으로 상승할 것이라고 보는 것이다. 이에 따라 미국의 경우 여러 기술 교육 분야에서 STEM 교육의 아이디어를 채택하고 있고, 과학과 수학의 많은 개념을 그들의 과학교육과정에 통합시키거나 그러한 개념을 이미 통합한 방법을 부각시키고 있다. 이렇게 할 경우 실생활 문제에 대한 학생들의 경험이 STEM 분야와의 연관성을 더 높여주고, STEM 분야로의 노동력의 변화 및 흥미를 유발시킨다는 관점을 가지고 있는 것이다(Brown et al., 2011). 둘째, 일반 국민의 기본 소양으로서 새로운 소양, STEM 소양이 요구되는 것이다. 지식 기반사회에서 민주정치는 일반 국민들이 과학과 기술의 발전에 의해서 그들에게 주어진 선택에 대해 합리적인 결정을 할 수 있는 능력에 의존한다. 이러한 사회에서 과학, 기술, 공학, 수학 사이의 관계가 점점 더 강해지고, 직장에 침투해 들어가고, 일상업무 관련 문제 해결을 위해서 새로운 소양이 요구되고 있다는 것은 상식이 되고 있는 것이다(Asunda, 2012). 국민이 자연 및 인공 세계가 어떻게 작동하는지 파악하고, 비판적으로 그리고 독자적으로 생각하고, 사건에 대한 여러 설명들을 인식하고 경중을 비교할 수 있으며, 대안을 만들어 내며, 증거, 수, 패턴, 논리적 논쟁, 그리고 불확실성을 포함하는 문제들을 합리적으로 다룰 수 있는 능력을 요구하게 된 것이다. | |
동시 접근법이란? | 첫 번째, 방법은 동시 접근법(Synchronized Approach)이다. 동시 접근법은 두 과목 이상의 학습 내용 중 기능, 지식, 이해할 내용의 일부가 겹칠 때 실시할 수 있는 통합교육 방법이다. 유사한 시간에서로 다른 과목에서 거의 동시적인 내용을 제시하는 것이다. |
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