[논문]Optimization of ultrasonification of slaughter blood for protein solubilization

Jeon, Yong-Woo

doi:10.4491/eer.2014.018

Optimization of ultrasonification of slaughter blood for protein solubilization 원문보기

Environmental engineering research, v.20 no.2, 2015년, pp.163 - 169

Jeon, Yong-Woo (Environmental Industry Division, Korea Testing Laboratory)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, we attempted to solubilize protein in slaughter blood (SB) using ultrasonic technology. The application of ultrasonic technology can make enzymatic degradation of SB more effective, which has no comparable alternative for treatment. The SB was homogenized by grinding it for 10 minutes at 10,000 rpm as a pretreatment for preventing its clotting, and then ultrasonic treatment was attempted to solubilize protein in SB. To maximize the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment for SB, the optimum condition of ultrasonic frequency (UF) was determined to be 20 kHz. To optimize the operation conditions of ultrasonification with 20 kHz of frequency, we used response surface methodology (RSM) based on ultrasonic density (UD) and ultrasonification time (UT). The solubilization rate (SR) of protein (%) was calculated to be $101.304-19.4205X_1+0.0398X_2+7.9411X_1{^2}+0.0001X_2{^2}+0.0455X_1X_2$. From the results of the RSM study, the optimum conditions of UD and UT were determined at 0.5 W/mL and 22 minutes, respectively, and SB treated under these conditions was estimated to have a 95% SR. Also, experimentally, a 95.53% SR was observed under same conditions, accurately reflecting the theoretical prediction of 95%.

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제안 방법

In this experiment, two factors (UD and UT) of the frequency of 20 kHz were optimized, and were coded at three levels between -1 and +1. The whole design consisted of 11 experimental points, as listed in Table 4.
In this study, to treat SB which has no alternative usage, we tested the solubilization of protein in SB using ultrasonic technology. The result of analysis from SB showed that moisture, organic matter and inorganic matter were 79.
Clotted blood was homogenized using a grinder and the proteins were then solubilized through the disruption of RBCs in SB by ultrasonic treatment in order to increase the efficiency of conversion of protein to amino acids. To determine the optimum conditions of ultrasonic pretreatment, which can achieve a 95% solubilization rate (SR), the CCD was applied with 2 factors and 3 levels.

대상 데이터

SB from slaughter pigs was used in this experiments, and was collected from a pig slaughterhouse situated in Anyang city, Korea. Pure blood from bloodletting section during the slaughtering process was used.

데이터처리

3. Results of ANOVA test for solubilization rate (SR) (%) at main effect.
is the interaction tern. The effect and regression coefficients of individual linear, quadratic and interaction terms were determined through the analysis of ANOVA.

이론/모형

RSM involving CCD was employed to obtain optimal conditions for protein SR by ultrasonic treatment systems. Experimental design used the CCD, which is the standard and the most widely used approach to RSM. It is important to determine the point and number of the experiment, to obtain optimum results with minimum experiments.
To investigate the characteristics of SB, moisture, organic and inorganic content were measured by a Standard Method [14]. Total lipid was measured by a Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin method (Ebru et al. 2007). Total protein, albumin, fibrinogen and platelets were measured using an automatic hemotology analyzer (COULTER AcT; Beckman Coulter Inc.

성능/효과

059 which indicates that it is appropriate for use as a prediction model. As a result of variance analysis with complete second-order formula for the verification of the validity of the model, the coefficient of determination (R²) of the SR model formula was 98.77%, and the modified coefficient of determination was 97.53%, displaying the appropriateness of the experimental design [18, 20].
5 and Table 7. In the experimental results of SR, the highest value was observed as 0.5 W/mL of UD among the various densities because efficiency of ultrasonic treatment is increased in the smaller UD but the effect of UD in SB is lower. And there was no remarkable differences between progress of UT and increase of SR.
5 W/mL of the investigated density and SR increases with as the experiment is continued. In this study, an optimal response condition which minimizes the variables by using the presumed response surface model and response surface plot on the basis of the set objective of 95% SR was determined considering economic factor because it was noneconomic that the increase of UT consumes too much the power consumption, and to quantify it further, it was calculated using a desirability function.
It was confirmed that the protein SR was the highest with 97.72% in 0.5 W/mL of UD at 60 min, and the lowest with 91% in 1.0 W/mL at 10 min. In general it is widely known that when the UD increases, ultrasonic efficiency is improved.
Thus, the statistical analysis indicated that the proposed model was adequate, possessing no significant lack of fit and very satisfactory values of R² for all responses. The best combination of each significant factor was determined by RSM and optimum pretreatment conditions for 95% of SR were established when blood was treated with 0.5 W/mL of UD for 22 min. Under these conditions, 95.
5 W/mL of UD being applied for approximately 22 min. The experimental result using optimization conditions was confirmed to be 95.53%, which corresponds extremely well to the target value of 95%.
In this study, to treat SB which has no alternative usage, we tested the solubilization of protein in SB using ultrasonic technology. The result of analysis from SB showed that moisture, organic matter and inorganic matter were 79.14%, 19.40% and 1.45%, respectively. Most organic matter was composed of total protein(18.
The results of the SB analysis showed that moisture, organic and inorganic content were 79.14%, 19.40%, and 1.45%, respectively. Total protein was 18.
The results of the experiment demonstrate that the concentration of hemoglobin was highest when UF was applied at 20 kHz and SR was 96.87%. SRs at 24 kHz and 28 kHz of UF were 94.

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