Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial extracellular matrices degrading enzymes that have important roles in metastasis of cancer progression as well as other significant conditions such as oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Marine plants are on the rise for their potential to provide natu...
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial extracellular matrices degrading enzymes that have important roles in metastasis of cancer progression as well as other significant conditions such as oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Marine plants are on the rise for their potential to provide natural products that exhibit remarkable health benefits. In this context, brown algae species have been of much interest in the pharmaceutical field with reported instances of isolation of bioactive compounds against tumor growth and MMP activity. In this study, eight different brown algae species were harvested, and their extracts were compared in regard to their anti-MMP effects. According to gelatin zymography results, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia bicyclis, and Ishige okamurae showed higher inhibitory effects than the other samples on MMP-2 and -9 activity at the concentrations of 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$. However, only I. okamurae was able to regulate the MMP activity through the expression of MMP and tissue inhibitor of MMP observed by mRNA levels. Overall, brown algae species showed to be good sources for anti-MMP agents, while I. okamurae needs to be further studied for its potential to yield pharmaceutical molecules that can regulate MMP-activity through cellular pathways as well as enzymatic inhibition.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial extracellular matrices degrading enzymes that have important roles in metastasis of cancer progression as well as other significant conditions such as oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Marine plants are on the rise for their potential to provide natural products that exhibit remarkable health benefits. In this context, brown algae species have been of much interest in the pharmaceutical field with reported instances of isolation of bioactive compounds against tumor growth and MMP activity. In this study, eight different brown algae species were harvested, and their extracts were compared in regard to their anti-MMP effects. According to gelatin zymography results, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia bicyclis, and Ishige okamurae showed higher inhibitory effects than the other samples on MMP-2 and -9 activity at the concentrations of 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$. However, only I. okamurae was able to regulate the MMP activity through the expression of MMP and tissue inhibitor of MMP observed by mRNA levels. Overall, brown algae species showed to be good sources for anti-MMP agents, while I. okamurae needs to be further studied for its potential to yield pharmaceutical molecules that can regulate MMP-activity through cellular pathways as well as enzymatic inhibition.
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문제 정의
Brown algae species also were found to produce MMP inhibitors, although any antitumor compound that is able to reach clinical trials has not been reported. Therefore, on the way to develop natural anticancer compounds, specifically MMP inhibitors, this study aims to provide insights on the potential of brown algae as a MMP inhibitor source. Hence, eight different kinds of brown algae from Korean shores were compared in regard to their anti-metastatic properties through MMPactivity based assays.
제안 방법
However, treatment with brown algae extracts was observed to suppress TIMP levels further following PMA stimuli. Expected results were to suppress MMP expression while regulating TIMP expression in order to balance the extracellular matrix degradation. Some brown algae species such as E.
First, the extracts were tested for their cytotoxic presence in human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 for 24 and 48 h at three different concentrations (10, 50, and 100µg/mL) (Fig. 1).
대상 데이터
The target cDNA was amplified using the following primers: forward 5'-TGA AGG TCG GTG TGA ACG GA-3' and reverse 5'-CAT GTA GCC ATG AGG TCC ACC AC-3' for MMP-2; forward 5'-CAC TGT CCA CCC CTC AGA GC-3' and reverse 5'-CAC TTG TCG GCG ATA AGG-3' for MMP-9; forward 5'-AAT TCC GAC CTC GTC ATC AG-3' and reverse 5'-TGC AGT TTT CCA GCA ATG AG-3' for TIMP1; forward 5'-TGA TCC ACA CAC GTT GGT CT-3' and reverse 5'-TTT GAG TTG CTT GCA GGA TG-3' for TIMP-2; forward 5'-GCC ACC CAG AAG ACT GTG GAT-3' and reverse 5'-TGG TCC AGG GTT TCT TAC TCC-3' for β-actin.
데이터처리
Differences between the means of the individual groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range tests.
이론/모형
At this stage, different concentrations of the sample were treated, and cells were incubated for another 24 h. Total protein contents were normalized by the Bradford protein determination method. Cell conditioned medium was subjected to substrate gel electrophoresis.
성능/효과
All of the samples were able to prevent cell migration in a dose-dependent man-ner following 24-h incubation. Among all tested samples, I. okamurae and E. cava were the most effective samples inhibiting cell invasion of HT1080 cells. Inhibited cell migration of invasive cancerous cells indicated a possible anti-MMP activity for tested samples as the MMP activity is the crucial regulator for successful migration of tumor cells into unoccupied extracellular space.
후속연구
Various organisms, especially marine algae, and metabolites have been identified as potential MMP-inhibitors, and possible mechanisms of action for isolated compounds have been suggested (16, 17). In order to provide valuable insights on that matter, eight different brown algae species from the shores of Korea, namely S. siliquastrum, E. cava, S. thunbergii, E. bicyclis, H. fusiformis, I. okamurae, S. horneri, and L. japonica, were compared in regard to their MMP-inhibition efficiency which will help the future utilization of marine sources as nutraceuticals.
All tested brown algae species contained phytochemicals as their major bioactive constituents with some specific variations unique to each species. It was expected that all samples showed a recognizable effect on MMP expression and activity due to these phytochemicals. However, the notable difference of I.
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