퇴비 내 영양소 및 중금속이 상추 재배에 미치는 영향 Effect of Immature Compost on Available Nutrient Capability and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivation원문보기
본 연구는 퇴비에 함유된 영양소 및 중금속 함량을 파악하고 상추 재배시 퇴비의 적정 시용 비율을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 실험을 위해 두가지 퇴비를 이용하였다. 첫 번째 퇴비는 미완숙 퇴비(CA)이며 두 번째 퇴비는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 완숙 퇴비(CB)이다. 각각의 퇴비는 인공토양을 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%로 혼합하여 사용하였다. 50%와 75%의 비율로 혼합한 CA의 pH는 각각 5.39, 5.50으로 측정되었으며 약 산성으로 나타났다. CA 및 CB를 75% 비율로 혼합할 경우, 총 탄소 함량은 각각 14.5%와 6.5%로 다른 비율의 퇴비에 비해 높았고 대조구에 비해 총 질소와 인 농도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 총 탄소함량은 CA퇴비를 인공토양에 75% 혼합한 실험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. CA는 CB와 비교하여 퇴비화율, 질소, 인의 농도가 크게 증가하였다. CB 75% 혼합한 실험구에서 구리($128mg\;kg^{-1}$), 아연($260mg\;kg^{-1}$), 납($0.32mg\;kg^{-1}$), 카드뮴($0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$)의 함량은 다른 혼합구에 비해 가장 많은 증가하였다. 특히 비소는 CA퇴비를 25% 혼합한 실험구와 CB퇴비를 75%, 50% 혼합한 실험구에서 가장 높았다(6.69 and $6.28mg\;kg^{-1}$). CA실험구 중에서 상대적으로 낮은 염분 및 중금속 함량을 함유한 CA 25% 혼합한 실험구는 상추의 성장속도 및 엽면적 등이 CB에 비해 낮게 측정되어 최적의 성장조건은 아닌 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, CA를 사용하여 상추재배에 이용할 경우, 더 낮은 농도의 CA를 이용하는 것이 적당할 것으로 판단된다.
본 연구는 퇴비에 함유된 영양소 및 중금속 함량을 파악하고 상추 재배시 퇴비의 적정 시용 비율을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 실험을 위해 두가지 퇴비를 이용하였다. 첫 번째 퇴비는 미완숙 퇴비(CA)이며 두 번째 퇴비는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 완숙 퇴비(CB)이다. 각각의 퇴비는 인공토양을 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%로 혼합하여 사용하였다. 50%와 75%의 비율로 혼합한 CA의 pH는 각각 5.39, 5.50으로 측정되었으며 약 산성으로 나타났다. CA 및 CB를 75% 비율로 혼합할 경우, 총 탄소 함량은 각각 14.5%와 6.5%로 다른 비율의 퇴비에 비해 높았고 대조구에 비해 총 질소와 인 농도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 총 탄소함량은 CA퇴비를 인공토양에 75% 혼합한 실험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. CA는 CB와 비교하여 퇴비화율, 질소, 인의 농도가 크게 증가하였다. CB 75% 혼합한 실험구에서 구리($128mg\;kg^{-1}$), 아연($260mg\;kg^{-1}$), 납($0.32mg\;kg^{-1}$), 카드뮴($0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$)의 함량은 다른 혼합구에 비해 가장 많은 증가하였다. 특히 비소는 CA퇴비를 25% 혼합한 실험구와 CB퇴비를 75%, 50% 혼합한 실험구에서 가장 높았다(6.69 and $6.28mg\;kg^{-1}$). CA실험구 중에서 상대적으로 낮은 염분 및 중금속 함량을 함유한 CA 25% 혼합한 실험구는 상추의 성장속도 및 엽면적 등이 CB에 비해 낮게 측정되어 최적의 성장조건은 아닌 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, CA를 사용하여 상추재배에 이용할 경우, 더 낮은 농도의 CA를 이용하는 것이 적당할 것으로 판단된다.
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of immature compost on the amount of nutrient content, heavy metal concentration, and application rate that were used for lettuce cultivation. The characteristics of the two composts (Compost A (CA) was immature compost and Compost B (CB) was mature comp...
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of immature compost on the amount of nutrient content, heavy metal concentration, and application rate that were used for lettuce cultivation. The characteristics of the two composts (Compost A (CA) was immature compost and Compost B (CB) was mature compost) were evaluated upon mixing with commercial soil at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w). The poor chemical characteristics were appeared by use of immature compost as soil amendment; the 50% and 75% rates were weakly acidic at pH 5.39 and 5.50, respectively. The total carbon content at using of 75% of the immature compost and mature compost increased the most to 14.5 and 6.5% and it significantly increased concentrations of the total nitrogen and phosphorus compared to control. As for 75% mature compost rate increased significantly the concentrations of Cu ($128mg\;kg^{-1}$), Zn ($260mg\;kg^{-1}$), Pb ($0.32mg\;kg^{-1}$) and, Cd ($0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$) compared to control, and the highest As concentration increased significantly at 75% and 50% (6.69 and $6.28mg\;kg^{-1}$) including in 25% immature compost as $6.48mg\;kg^{-1}$. However, all of the high compost rates significantly decreased the shoot biomass of lettuce. The immature compost was potentially amended at an application rate of 25% due to a slight salinity and low risk to heavy metal uptake on lettuce growth. This use may be available if the rate is lower than that used in this trial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of immature compost on the amount of nutrient content, heavy metal concentration, and application rate that were used for lettuce cultivation. The characteristics of the two composts (Compost A (CA) was immature compost and Compost B (CB) was mature compost) were evaluated upon mixing with commercial soil at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w). The poor chemical characteristics were appeared by use of immature compost as soil amendment; the 50% and 75% rates were weakly acidic at pH 5.39 and 5.50, respectively. The total carbon content at using of 75% of the immature compost and mature compost increased the most to 14.5 and 6.5% and it significantly increased concentrations of the total nitrogen and phosphorus compared to control. As for 75% mature compost rate increased significantly the concentrations of Cu ($128mg\;kg^{-1}$), Zn ($260mg\;kg^{-1}$), Pb ($0.32mg\;kg^{-1}$) and, Cd ($0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$) compared to control, and the highest As concentration increased significantly at 75% and 50% (6.69 and $6.28mg\;kg^{-1}$) including in 25% immature compost as $6.48mg\;kg^{-1}$. However, all of the high compost rates significantly decreased the shoot biomass of lettuce. The immature compost was potentially amended at an application rate of 25% due to a slight salinity and low risk to heavy metal uptake on lettuce growth. This use may be available if the rate is lower than that used in this trial.
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제안 방법
The several composts must be assessed the amount of nutrients and potential heavy metals, which these compound elements are related to several metabolism processes for structural plants development, so it is determined a reasonable level for it applied in each species plant. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of nutrient contents, heavy metal concentrations, and suitable rates of different characteristic of compost on lettuce growth. The characteristics of the two composts were examined; immature compost was an incomplete composting from decomposition for approximately 15 days in a fermentation tank, and mature compost was complete composting from the decomposition in a reasonable amount of time in the fermentation tank.
대상 데이터
2. All of the treatments included three replications. Three plants were cultivated in a pot and were provided by drip irrigation twice a day.
The experiment had a completely randomized design and was performed in a greenhouse at Gyeongsang National University, Korea, from March 28 to April 27 for an overall 35 days of harvesting.
성능/효과
50 respectively. The EC values in the soil contained with CB were higher than those in the soil of all of the CA compost rates, but as the latter were lower, at 2.51, 2.80, and 3.20dSm-1 for 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. The EC values in the soil of all of the CB compost rates were higher than those of control, at 0.
Thus, this study evaluated the effect of nutrient contents, heavy metal concentrations, and suitable rates of different characteristic of compost on lettuce growth. The characteristics of the two composts were examined; immature compost was an incomplete composting from decomposition for approximately 15 days in a fermentation tank, and mature compost was complete composting from the decomposition in a reasonable amount of time in the fermentation tank. This trial supports to serve and develop of high speed composting machinery program by Bio-Industry Technology Development Program.
The heavy metal level depends on the concentration of compost rates that is added to the soil (Table 2). The concentrations of Cu (128mg kg-1), Zn (260mg kg-1), Pb (0.32mg kg-1) and, Cd (0.48mg kg-1) of high mature compost rate increased significantly compared to those of control, and the high As concentration increased significantly at 75% mature compost (6.69mg kg-1) and at 25% immature compost (6.48mg kg-1). Surprisingly, the highest values of Cr and Ni were given by control (120.
The data were subjected to a oneway-ANOVA, and the method that was used to discriminate among the means was Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) for p < 0.05.
Singh and Agrawal (2010) reported that an increased EC level might be found with increased application rates of these composts in soil. Thus, the highest EC values of CA and CB composts were found with the 75% application rate, followed by the 50% and 25% application rates. These results explain the higher EC value in high application rate.
Thus, Table 3 presented that using high ratio of these composts significantly decreased of above-ground biomass, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area including changes of root to shoot ratio, which is an indicator of plant health. While use for low ratio at 25% was the reasonable ratio to contribute the plant growth, especially the mature compost showed that higher fresh weight and dry weight gained as 51.0 and 3.68g, especially the mature compost showed that fresh and dry weight gained high as 51 and 3.68g. In contrast, the immature compost gained rather low as 31.
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