Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai...
Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8-24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8-21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3-53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5-16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.
Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8-24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8-21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3-53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5-16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.
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제안 방법
The proportions of positive fecal samples were assessed among the 891 yak samples, as well as all factors (gender, geographical origin, fecal consistencies, and age). A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. Probability (P) value<0.
대상 데이터
Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves (1-15 weeks) in 2015 in Qinghai (Zaduo, Nangqian, Zhiduo), Tibet (Qamdo, Xigaze, Nyingchi, Lhasa), Sichuan (Hongyuan), and Gansu (Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) (Table 1). Each fecal sample was examined for T.
All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 357 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6.
이론/모형
The number of base substitutions per site between sequences are shown. Analyses were conducted using the maximum composite likelihood model. The analysis involved 10 nucleotide sequences.
Sequence data were compared with other ascarids available at NCBI (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi), while alignments and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using the software MEGA (6.06). These strains were T.
The purified amplifications were cloned into PGEM®-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin, USA), and blue-white colony screening method was used to identify the positive clones.
성능/효과
vitulorum, which was identified for the first time in yaks calves on the high, cold plateau. The current results showed that T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau were 99.994% (H1) and 99.997% (H13) homologous to the previous report (AJ937266.1).
참고문헌 (17)
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