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이산화탄소 포집기술 국외 기술개발 동향
Global Trend of CO2 Capture Technology Development 원문보기

KEPCO Journal on electric power and energy, v.2 no.2, 2016년, pp.143 - 165  

백점인 (한국전력공사 전력연구원)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

COP21에서 채택된 파리협정에서 명시한 지구 대기온도 $2^{\circ}C$ 이하 상승억제 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 현재 각 당사국이 제출한 감축 목표치로만은 부족한 상황이다. 이에 따라 향후 감축목표를 상향하기 위한 작업이 이루어질 것이다. $CO_2$ 배출량을 줄이기 위한 여러 수단 중 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage)은 필수 옵션으로 현재 전세계에서 대규모 실증이 진행되고 있다. 실증 단계에 있는 1세대 기술의 경우 높은 포집비용 및 발전원가 상승으로 정책적 뒷받침 없이는 시장보급이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 비용을 저감하기 위한 2세대, 3세대 혁신 포집기술들이 개발되고 있으며 2세대 기술들은 파일럿 규모로, 3세대 기술들은 벤치규모로 연구되고 있다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 전세계 대규모 CCS 실증 사업 현황을 살펴보고, 2세대, 3세대 포집기술에 대해 연소전, 연소후, 신연소기술로 구분하고 습식 포집기술, 건식 포집기술, 분리막 기술, 산소연소기술의 세부 기술개발 내용에 대한 현재까지의 기술개발 결과를 요약정리하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

The amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction based on INDCs (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions) submitted to UN by each party is not sufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement's aim to "hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below $2^{\circ}C$ above pre-i...

주제어

#Carbon dioxide   #capture   #solvent   #sorbent   #combustion   #membrane  

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
이산화탄소 포집 및 저장이 필요한 이유는? 주요 감축 수단과 감축 기여율은 재생에너지(30%), 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(13%), 발전효율 향상 및 연료교체(1%), 최종 사용연료 교체(10%), 최종 사용 연료 및 전기 이용효율 향상(38%), 원자력(8%) 이다 [3]. 이산화탄소 배출 감축 수단에 있어 저비용 감축 기술만을 이용하여 필요한 에너지 수요를 모두 충당하지 못하기 때문에 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage) 은 필수 옵션이다. CCS없이 감축목표를 달성하기 위해서는더 많은 비용이 투입되는 기술들을 도입하여야 하며 감축목표 달성을 위한 투입비용이 평균 약 138% 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다 [2].
유엔기후변화협약에서 195개국 대표들은 어떤 합의를 하였는가? 2015년 12월 파리에서 개최된 제21차 유엔기후변화협약 (UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) 당사국총회 (COP21: 21 st Conference of the Parties)에 참가한 195개국 대표들은 지구평균기온 상승을 산업화 이전 대비 2 ℃보다 낮은 수준으로 유지하고, 1.5 ℃ 상승으로 제한하기 위해 노력하기로 합의하였다. 1997년 채택된 교토의정서를 대신하여 2020년부터 적용될 신기후체제인 파리 기후변화협정(Paris Climate Change Agreement)은 최소 55개 국가가, 그리고 전세계 배출량의 55%이상이 비준되면 발효 된다.
이산화탄소 포집 및 저장기술 발전에 있어 포집기술 개발 및 비용저감이 중요한 이유는? CCS 기술의 구성은 포집, 수송, 저장으로 구분되며 전체 소요비용 중 포집이 70% 이상을 차지하므로 [5][6] 포집비용을 줄이는 것이 CCS기술의 보급 및 활용을 위한 핵심이라고할 수 있다. 이에 따라 세계 각 국은 대용량 포집 및 저장 실증과 함께 차세대 저비용 포집기술 개발을 위해 경쟁하고 있다.
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

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