Park, Gum Ryeong
(Social Insurance Research Department, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs)
,
Son, Inseo
(Asiatic Research Institute, Korea University)
,
Kim, Seung-Sup
(Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University)
Objectives: This study investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 4141 biethnic adolescents using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families...
Objectives: This study investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 4141 biethnic adolescents using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Perceived ethnic discrimination was measured using the question "Have you ever been discriminated against or ignored because either of your parents is not a Korean?" with an assessment of depressive symptoms over the past 12 months. Logistic regression was applied to examine potential associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Results: Among 4141 biethnic adolescents, 558 (13.5%) reported having experienced ethnic discrimination. The most common discriminatory perpetrators were friends (n=241, 5.8%), followed by strangers (n=67, 1.6%). Depressive symptoms were related to experience of ethnic discrimination (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.98) after adjusting for potential confounders. In an analysis focusing on the perpetrators of discrimination, depressive symptoms were found to be associated with perceived ethnic discrimination from friends (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.75 to 5.68), teachers (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.16 to 9.51), family members and relatives (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.59 to 9.48), neighbors (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.38), and strangers (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.30 to 4.79). Furthermore, the OR for depressive symptoms among those exposed to 1, 2, or 3 or more discriminatory perpetrators were 3.61 (95% CI, 2.49 to 5.24), 3.61 (95% CI, 1.68 to 7.74), and 6.69 (95% CI, 2.94 to 15.22), respectively. Conclusions: According to our findings, friends were the most common perpetrators of discrimination and the experience of ethnic discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea.
Objectives: This study investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 4141 biethnic adolescents using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Perceived ethnic discrimination was measured using the question "Have you ever been discriminated against or ignored because either of your parents is not a Korean?" with an assessment of depressive symptoms over the past 12 months. Logistic regression was applied to examine potential associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Results: Among 4141 biethnic adolescents, 558 (13.5%) reported having experienced ethnic discrimination. The most common discriminatory perpetrators were friends (n=241, 5.8%), followed by strangers (n=67, 1.6%). Depressive symptoms were related to experience of ethnic discrimination (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.98) after adjusting for potential confounders. In an analysis focusing on the perpetrators of discrimination, depressive symptoms were found to be associated with perceived ethnic discrimination from friends (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.75 to 5.68), teachers (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.16 to 9.51), family members and relatives (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.59 to 9.48), neighbors (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.38), and strangers (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.30 to 4.79). Furthermore, the OR for depressive symptoms among those exposed to 1, 2, or 3 or more discriminatory perpetrators were 3.61 (95% CI, 2.49 to 5.24), 3.61 (95% CI, 1.68 to 7.74), and 6.69 (95% CI, 2.94 to 15.22), respectively. Conclusions: According to our findings, friends were the most common perpetrators of discrimination and the experience of ethnic discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea.
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문제 정의
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of perceived ethnic discrimination among biethnic adolescents in Korea and its association with depressive symptoms. Our research addressed the following questions.
This study investigated the prevalence of perceived ethnic discrimination among biethnic adolescents and its association with depressive symptoms. First, more than 10% of adolescents reported experiencing ethnic discrimination.
To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the prevalence of perceived ethnic discrimination and perpetrators and to investigate associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents living in Korea. We analyzed a large study population (n=4141), which corresponds to 2.
가설 설정
1. What is the prevalence of perceived ethnic discrimination among biethnic adolescents in Korea?
2. Who are the common perpetrators of perceived ethnic discrimination towards biethnic adolescents in Korea?
3. Is there an association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in Korea?
제안 방법
However, several limitations of this study should be noted. First, we were not able to provide temporal information regarding the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents due to the cross-sectional design of the survey. For example, it is possible that biethnic adolescents with poor health were more likely to experience ethnic discrimination.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop questionnaires that measure different aspects of discrimination. Fourth, depressive symptoms were assessed by a single item; therefore, this study used this measure after dichotomization into a category corresponding to the presence of depressive symptoms (scores of 3 or 4) and a category reflecting the absence of depressive symptoms (scores of 1 or 2). Our findings remained consistent when we conducted a post-hoc analysis with a different cut-off to screen for biethnic adolescents with depressive symptoms (2-4) or not (1) (results not shown).
We also examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms by stratification according to each potential confounder. Second, logistic regression was applied to examine the relationship of depressive symptoms with any type of ethnic discrimination and with ethnic discrimination from each of the five possible types of perpetrator. Third, we sought to investigate the relationship between the number of perpetrators of discrimination and depressive symptoms.
대상 데이터
0%). Among 4775 biethnic adolescents, 4141 were selected as the study population after excluding those over 18 years of age and those with missing responses in the questionnaire.
Data were collected from July 12, 2012 to July 31, 2012 using two-step sampling. In the first step, systematic sampling was used to select 850 districts from the 3470 administrative districts that contained at least one multicultural family. In the second step, 26098 families were selected from 71 933 multicultural families in these 850 administrative districts based on the type of district and nationality of the family, using stratified sampling.
성능/효과
98) after adjusting for potential confounders, including parents’ perceived status in Korea and the country of origin of the immigrant parent. The ORs for the relationship of discrimination from friends, teachers, family members and relatives, neighbors, and strangers with depressive symptoms were 3.95 (95% CI, 2.75 to 5.68), 4.53 (95% CI, 2.16 to 9.51), 3.89 (95% CI, 1.59 to 9.48), 2.48 (95% CI, 1.14 to 5.38), and 2.49 (95% CI, 1.30 to 4.79), respectively, after adjusting for all potential confounders.
This finding is consistent with previous studies of associations between ethnic discrimination and mental health among minority youth [18-23]. Third, we found that friends were the most common perpetrators (5.8%) and that the OR of having depressive symptoms was highest among biethnic adolescents who had perceived ethnic discrimination from teachers (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.16 to 9.51). These findings suggest that perceived ethnic discrimination in school has a more detrimental effect on mental health than discrimination in other settings, and this dynamic may negatively impact the development of biethnic children [20, 23,24].
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