This study presents the application of satellite laser ranging (SLR) to orbit determination (OD) of high-Earth-orbit (HEO) satellites. Two HEO satellites are considered: the Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), a Japanese elliptical-inclinedgeosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and the Compass-G1, a ...
This study presents the application of satellite laser ranging (SLR) to orbit determination (OD) of high-Earth-orbit (HEO) satellites. Two HEO satellites are considered: the Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), a Japanese elliptical-inclinedgeosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and the Compass-G1, a Chinese geostationary-orbit (GEO) satellite. One week of normal point (NP) data were collected for each satellite to perform the OD based on the batch least-square process. Five SLR tracking stations successfully obtained 374 NPs for QZS-1 in eight days, whereas only two ground tracking stations could track Compass-G1, yielding 68 NPs in ten days. Two types of station bias estimation and a station data weighting strategy were utilized for the OD of QZS-1. The post-fit root-mean-square (RMS) residuals of the two week-long arcs were 11.98 cm and 10.77 cm when estimating the biases once in an arc (MBIAS). These residuals were decreased significantly to 2.40 cm and 3.60 cm by estimating the biases every pass (PBIAS). Then, the resultant OD precision was evaluated by the orbit overlap method, yielding three-dimensional errors of 55.013 m with MBIAS and 1.962 m with PBIAS for the overlap period of six days. For the OD of Compass-G1, no station weighting strategy was applied, and only MBIAS was utilized due to the lack of NPs. The post-fit RMS residuals of OD were 8.81 cm and 12.00 cm with 49 NPs and 47 NPs, respectively, and the corresponding threedimensional orbit overlap error for four days was 160.564 m. These results indicate that the amount of SLR tracking data is critical for obtaining precise OD of HEO satellites using SLR because additional parameters, such as station bias, are available for estimation with sufficient tracking data. Furthermore, the stand-alone SLR-based orbit solution is consistently attainable for HEO satellites if a target satellite is continuously trackable for a specific period.
This study presents the application of satellite laser ranging (SLR) to orbit determination (OD) of high-Earth-orbit (HEO) satellites. Two HEO satellites are considered: the Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), a Japanese elliptical-inclinedgeosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and the Compass-G1, a Chinese geostationary-orbit (GEO) satellite. One week of normal point (NP) data were collected for each satellite to perform the OD based on the batch least-square process. Five SLR tracking stations successfully obtained 374 NPs for QZS-1 in eight days, whereas only two ground tracking stations could track Compass-G1, yielding 68 NPs in ten days. Two types of station bias estimation and a station data weighting strategy were utilized for the OD of QZS-1. The post-fit root-mean-square (RMS) residuals of the two week-long arcs were 11.98 cm and 10.77 cm when estimating the biases once in an arc (MBIAS). These residuals were decreased significantly to 2.40 cm and 3.60 cm by estimating the biases every pass (PBIAS). Then, the resultant OD precision was evaluated by the orbit overlap method, yielding three-dimensional errors of 55.013 m with MBIAS and 1.962 m with PBIAS for the overlap period of six days. For the OD of Compass-G1, no station weighting strategy was applied, and only MBIAS was utilized due to the lack of NPs. The post-fit RMS residuals of OD were 8.81 cm and 12.00 cm with 49 NPs and 47 NPs, respectively, and the corresponding threedimensional orbit overlap error for four days was 160.564 m. These results indicate that the amount of SLR tracking data is critical for obtaining precise OD of HEO satellites using SLR because additional parameters, such as station bias, are available for estimation with sufficient tracking data. Furthermore, the stand-alone SLR-based orbit solution is consistently attainable for HEO satellites if a target satellite is continuously trackable for a specific period.
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제안 방법
Because the number of SLR tracking data has a significant influence on the precision of OD, this study selected the OD arc that maximizes the number of NPs. Also, two different methods of station bias estimation were implemented to analyze the associated effect on OD precision.
Two HEO satellites were selected: Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), as an elliptical-inclined-geosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and Compass-G1, as a geostationary-orbit (GEO) satellite. Because the number of SLR tracking data has a significant influence on the precision of OD, this study selected the OD arc that maximizes the number of NPs. Also, two different methods of station bias estimation were implemented to analyze the associated effect on OD precision.
For QZS-1, both MBIAS and PBIAS were selected to estimate the SLR tracking stations’ timing biases, and the sigma weighting strategy was applied to give different weights according to the tracking performance of stations.
Given this critical situation, this research performed parametric studies for precise SLR-based OD of HEO satellites. Two HEO satellites were selected: Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), as an elliptical-inclined-geosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and Compass-G1, as a geostationary-orbit (GEO) satellite.
In this study, the orbit overlap method was utilized to internally assess the OD quality of QZS-1 and Compass-G1 because their true (exact) orbit is unknown. The orbit overlap method is one of the quantitative indicators of estimated orbit precision (Tapley et al.
OD was performed on HEO satellites using sparse SLR measurements. Two satellites, QZS-1, with an elliptical-inclined-geosynchronous orbit, and Compass-G1, with a geostationary orbit (GEO), were selected.
Also, progressing a satellite-tracking campaign by several stations can be an alternative to increasing the number of NPs in a short period and therefore to improving OD precision. The OD strategy presented in this study is applicable to continuous orbit monitoring of HEO satellites.
Regarding the analysis reports, among the QZS-1 tracking stations, the Yarragadee station obtained the best SLR tracking quality, whereas the Shanghai/Beijing/Koganei stations provide relatively degraded data during this period. These results were applied to the sigma weighting strategy for QZS-1 OD to set the weight parameters for the Yarragadee and Shanghai/ Beijing/Koganei stations as 1 and 10, respectively.
During this time span, 105 NPs were freely distributed online by ILRS, and 269 unpublished NPs were also available courtesy of JAXA (Table 6). This period was divided into two single-week arcs with overlap, March 1 to March 7 and March 2 to March 8, to perform the orbit overlap for internal quality assessment. Due to the relatively small amount of tracking data, all the NPs obtained from March 1 to March 8, 2013 were used for OD
This study adopted a stations’ coordinate system, updated in 2013, based on the SLRF2005 coordinate system.
대상 데이터
2017). The whole constellation of BDS-3 will consist of 27 MEO, 3 IGSO, and 5 GEO satellites. Currently, 3 MEO, 5 IGSO, and 1 GEO satellites are functioning with a laser retro-reflector array (LRA) payload.
Given this critical situation, this research performed parametric studies for precise SLR-based OD of HEO satellites. Two HEO satellites were selected: Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), as an elliptical-inclined-geosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and Compass-G1, as a geostationary-orbit (GEO) satellite. Because the number of SLR tracking data has a significant influence on the precision of OD, this study selected the OD arc that maximizes the number of NPs.
OD was performed on HEO satellites using sparse SLR measurements. Two satellites, QZS-1, with an elliptical-inclined-geosynchronous orbit, and Compass-G1, with a geostationary orbit (GEO), were selected. NASA GSFC GEODYN II software was utilized to perform the OD using NP SLR observations.
이론/모형
In this study, GEODYN II, developed by NASA GSFC, was used to obtain the OD solution (Pavlis et al. 1998). The GEODYN II consists of an orbital dynamics model, a measurement model, and an estimation filter based on batch least-square.
성능/효과
For QZS-1, both MBIAS and PBIAS were selected to estimate the SLR tracking stations’ timing biases, and the sigma weighting strategy was applied to give different weights according to the tracking performance of stations. The resultant post-fit position residuals of QZS-1 were 11.375 cm and 3 cm on average for two arcs with the MBIAS and PBIAS setting, respectively, and the resultant 3-dimensional mean overlap error decreased from 55.013 m (MBIAS) to 1.691 m (PBIAS). For Compass-G1, because the Changchun station was the only station capable of producing NPs, the number of NPs was quite low compared with the case of QZS-1.
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