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NTIS 바로가기청정기술 = Clean technology, v.23 no.4, 2017년, pp.345 - 356
The composting is a biological process that converts organic matter into useful resources such as fertilizers. It is a continuous transition of microbial communities to adapt changes in organic matter and environmental conditions (carbonation rate, temperature, humidity, oxygen supply, pH, etc.). Mo...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
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퇴비화의 1차 목적은 무엇인가? | 퇴비는 유기물이 미생물에 의해 분해되어 생성된 최종산물을 말하며, 퇴비화란 동·식물성 유기폐기물이 미생물 및 토양동물(지렁이 등)에 의해 분해되어 토양과 유사한 물질로 안정화되는 과정을 말한다[6]. 퇴비화의 1차 목적은 불안정하고 오염된 상태의 유기성 폐기물을 안정된 최종산물로 전환하는 것이다. 유기성폐기물의 구성물질 중 단백질, 당, 수용성 전분 등은 분해가 잘되어 퇴비화가 원만히 진행되나, 셀룰로오스나 리그닌 등은 분해가 어려워 퇴비화에 있어 다소 많은 시간이 소요된다[7]. | |
퇴비화란? | 퇴비는 유기물이 미생물에 의해 분해되어 생성된 최종산물을 말하며, 퇴비화란 동·식물성 유기폐기물이 미생물 및 토양동물(지렁이 등)에 의해 분해되어 토양과 유사한 물질로 안정화되는 과정을 말한다[6]. 퇴비화의 1차 목적은 불안정하고 오염된 상태의 유기성 폐기물을 안정된 최종산물로 전환하는 것이다. | |
최종 분해되어 생산된 퇴비의 장점은? | 최종 분해되어 생산된 퇴비는 토양개량시 비료로 시비되며, 미생물들과 함께 양질의 토양을 구성하게 된다. 즉, 퇴비속의 세균, 방선균 및 사상균 등 다양한 종류의 미생물은 통기성, 수분, 영양원 조건 등 적합한 서식 및 생장 환경이 조성되면 다른 유기물을 분해하여 퇴비화하고, 이는 토양의 생화학적 안정성 증진, 용적 밀도의 감소, 수분함유능력 증가, 양이온 교환량 증가, 토양 미생물 군집의 개선 및 토양해충 억제 등 토양 고유의 기능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한, 퇴비는 적절한 무기물과 유기질성분, pH를 보유해야 하는데, 그 성분은 Table 9와 같다[9]. |
Lim, S.-L., Lee, L.-H., and Wu, T.-Y., "Sustainability of Using Composting and Vermicomposting Technologies for Organic Solid Waste Biotransformation: Recent Overview, Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Economic Analysis," J. Clean. Product., 111, 262-278 (2016).
Jara-Samaniego, J., Perez-Murcia, M. D., Bustamante, M. A., Perez-Espinosa A., Paredes, C., Lopez, M., Lopez-Lluch, D.B., Gavilanes-Teran, I., and Moral, R., "Composting as Sustainable Strategy for Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Chimborazo Region: Suitability of the Obtained Composts for Seedling Production," J. Clean. Product., 141, 1349-1358 (2017).
Ha, D.-M., and Kim, D.-H., "The Effect of Liquid Manure Circulation System on the Odor Reduction of Swine Farm," J. Agri. Life Sci., 49(4), 57-64 (2015).
Cho, Y.-M., "Enhancement Odor Management of Public Environmental Facilities in Seoul," Policy Report, 230, 1-19 (2017).
Bong, K.-M., Kim, J.-M., Yoo, J.-H., Park, I.-C., Lee, C.-W., and Kim, P.-I., "Mass Cultivation and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Rhodobacter Capsulatus PS-2," The Korean Soc. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 31(3), 158-164 (2016).
Soares, M. A., Quina, M. J., Reis, M. S., and Quinta-Ferreira, R., "Assessment of Co-composting Process with high Load of an Inorganic Industrial Waste," Wast. Manag., 59, 80-89 (2017).
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Park, J.-H., Kang, T.-S., Seok, J.-W., Jean, S.-H., Heo, Y., Kim, K.-L., Lee, K.-S., and Yun, C.-S., "Risk Factors and Major Disasters in the Livestock Industry," Korean Soc. Occup. Environ. Med., 11, 289-293 (2013).
Park, S.-H., "A Study on Advanced Treatment of the Landfill Leachate using Bacillus sp., M.S. Dissertation, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Pusan (2002).
Lee, J.-H., Jeong, J.-O., and Park, S.-O., "A Study on the Composting Process of Food Waste by Seeding the Isolated Effective Microorganism," Korean J. Enviromen. Health Soc., 26(3),1-10 (2000).
Choi, J.-Y., Lee, T.-S., Park, S.-O., and Noh, B.-S., "Changes of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Traditional Kochujang During Fermentation," Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 29(4), 745-751 (1997).
Haruta, S., Nakayama T., Nakamura K., Hemmi H., Ishii M., Igarashi Y., and Nishino T., "Microbial Diversity in Biodegradation and Reutilization Processes of Garbage," J. Biosci. Bioeng.," 99(1), 1-11 (2005).
Hong, J.-H., Ann, Y.-G., and Jung, J.-D., "A Study on the Garbage Decomposing Characteristics of the Garbage Decomposing Accelerant (I)," Korean J. Sanit., 18(1), 58-67 (2003).
Kim, K.-C., Bae, Y.-S., Kim, S.-J., and Kim, S.-W., "Production of Amylase by a Filamentous Fungus, Strain FM04, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Food Waste," Korean J. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 18(5), 363-370 (2003).
Ryoo, J.-W., "Study on the Continuous Composting Process to Reduce the Use of Bulking Agent in Pig Slurry," J. Animal Environ. Sci., 13(2), 121-128 (2007).
Lee, D.-H., Kim, J.-K., Jeong, G.-H., Kawg, J.-H., Ravindran B., and Lee, J.-W., "Changes of Physico-chemical Characteristic on Swine Manure Using Different Suction Strength in Composting System," Korea Org. Resour. Recycl. Asso., 25, 59-67 (2017).
Costa, M., Carneiro, L., Costa, L., Pereira D., and Lorin H., Composting Time Reduction of Agro.-Industrial Wastes," Engenharia Agricola, 36(6), 1206-1217 (2016).
Park, J.-G., Seo, S.-T., Park, S.-C., and Lee, H.-S., "A Study on Developing Fly Ash as Bulking Agent for Composting Swine Manure," J. Environ. Manage., 20(2), 65-70 (2014).
Kim, Y.-S., Lee, T.-S., Cho, S.-H., Jeong, J.-Y., An, G.-Y., Lee, J.-J., Han, K.-P., and Hong, J.-W., "Plant Growth Responses and Characteristics of Composting of Poultry Manure with Peatmoss and Cocopeat as Bulking Agent," Korea Org. Resour. Recycl. Asso., 25(1),79-86 (2017).
Opalinski, S., Korczynski, M., Szoltysik, M., Dobrzalski, Z., and Kolacz, R., "Application of Aluminosilicates for Mitigation of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Poultry Manure," Open Chem., 13(1), 967-973 (2015).
Wellinghoff, S., Kampa, J., Barenberg, S., Gray, P., and Lelah, M., "Silicate-Containing Powders Providing Controlled, Sustained Gas Release," U.S. Patent No. 6277408 B1 (2001).
Johnson, L., "Odor Elimination Methods Using Zeolitecontaining Liquid Sprays and Detergent," U.S. Patent No. 6893632 B2 (2005).
Mejias, L., Komilis, D., Gea, T., and Sanchez, A., "The Effect of Airflow Rates and Aeration Mode on the Respiration Activity of Four Organic Wastes: Implications on the Composting Process," Waste Manage., 65, 22-28 (2017).
Chae, J.-S., Jeon, J.-M., Oh, K.-C., Ryoo, H.-U., and Kim, S.-D., "Evaluation of Field Applicability and Odor Emission Characteristics for Pig Carcasses Burial Treatment of Pilot Scale Using Livestock Compost," Korean Soc. Atmosph. Environ., 33(2), 108-123 (2017).
Lee, E.-Y., and Jung, S.-L., "Current Status and Perspectives of Livestock Environment Improving Agents for the Characteristics and Control of Swine Manure Odor," J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 38(3), 244-254 (2010).
Barbusinski, K., Kalemba, K., Kasperczyk, D., Urbaniec, K., and Kozik, V., "Biological Methods for Odor Treatment-A review," J. Clean. Product., 152, 223-241 (2017).
Ha, T.-U., and Choi, S.-J., "Biofilter Technology for Odor and VOCs Elimination," J. Environ. Sci., 14, 15-24 (2000).
Borowski, S., Matusiak, K., Powalowski, S., Pielech-Przybylska, K., Makowski, K., Nowak, A., Rosowski, M., Komorowski, P., and Gutarowska, B., "A Novel Microbial-mineral Preparation for the Removal of Offensive Odors from Poultry Manure," Inter. Biodeter. Biodegrad., 119, 299-308 (2017).
Onursal, E. and Ekinci, K., "A Kinetic Study on How C/N Ratio Affects Energy Consumption of Composting of Rose Oil-processing Wastes with Caged Layer Manure and Straw," Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 36(1), 129-137 (2017).
Song, J.-W., and Hwangbo, J.-k., "Apparatus and Method for Removing Odor Generated in A Sludge Treatment Process," Kr. Patent No. 10-1264590 (2013).
Yang, J.-Y., Kim, Y.-I., and Oh, S.-E., "Odor Removal System and Removal Method of Livestock Manure Using Corona Discharge" Kr. Patent App. No. 10-2010-0019609 (2010).
Kim, H.-U., Choi, I.-R., and Shin, T.-S., "Batch Type Biological Water Treatment System with Concentrated Selective Odor Collection Means," Kr. Patent App. No. 10-2013-0003738 (2013).
Kim, P.-U., "Animal Offensive Odor Remedy Containing Microbiological Probiotics as Active Ingredient," Kr. Patent No. 10-1260872 (2013).
Lee, C.-S., "Deodorizer with Air Bubble Absorber," Kr. Patent No. 10-0065671 (2014).
Yoo, M.-K., and Yun, C.-K., "High-efficiency Deodorizing Device," Kr. Patent No. 10-1619124 (2016).
Kim, S.-S., "Compositions and Methods for Their Preparation for the Odor of Livestock Waste," Kr. Patent No. 10-1696067 (2017).
Kwon, K.-G.,"Odorant Removal Device for Livestock Farm," Kr. Patent App. No. 10-2017-0016217 (2017).
"Installation and Operation of Food Waste Treatment Facilities," Ministry of Environment (2016).
Composting microorganism: (a) Actinomycetes : https://www.slideshare.net/SalmanAli83/actinomycetes 58131399 2017.
Composting microorganism: (b) Streptomyces : http://prgdb.crg.eu/wiki/Species:Streptomyces 2017.
Composting microorganism: (c) Bacillus: http://www.alamy. com/stock-photo-rod-shaped-bacillus-bacteria-33303842.html 2017.
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